The Jefferson Barracks Military Post is located on the Mississippi River in Lemay, Missouri, south of St. Louis. Louis. It was an important and active US Army installation from 1826 to 1946. It is the oldest US military installation west of the Mississippi River, and is now used as a base for the National Army and Water Guards. A campus Veterans Affairs care system is located in the southern part of the base and also the headquarters for Veterans Canteen Service.
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History
In 1826 General Edmund P. Gaines (Commander of the Western Department of Defense), Brig. General Henry Atkinson (commander of sixth infantry regiment), explorer William Clark, and Missouri Governor John Miller spent several days searching on the banks of the Mississippi River for the perfect location for a new post replacing Fort Bellefontaine. A site near the town of "Vide Poche" or Carondelet, ten miles (16 km) south of St. Petersburg. Louis, recommended and then approved by Maj. Gen. Jacob J. Brown, Commander General of the Army.
On 10 July 1826, two days after the deed to the land was signed, the first military troops - six officers and 245 enlisted men from Company A, B, H and I of the Infantry Regiment 1, commanded by Brevet Major Stephen Watts Kearny - arrived at the new post and began building a temporary venue they named Cantonment Miller in honor of Governor Miller. In 1827 the military post was officially named Jefferson Barracks in honor of Thomas Jefferson who had died the previous year. Even William Clark's son, Meriwether Lewis Clark, Sr., will join the ranks of Jefferson Barracks. It was also designated the first "School Infantry Practice."
The first conflict involving people from the Jefferson barracks was the Black Hawk War of 1832. Troops were deployed from Jefferson Barracks to encourage "hostile Indians" back to their village in Iowa today. The Black Hawk's head was captured and brought back to Jefferson Barracks.
In 1832, the United States Dragoons Regiment was formed and stationed at Jefferson Baracks. The dragoons, trained to counter mount or descend, were the first permanent cavalry units in the United States Army and then called Dragoons 1 US.
Maps Jefferson Barracks Military Post
Mexican-American War
Jefferson Barracks became a major military post during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) when it served as a resting place and a supply station for most US troops deployed to Mexico. Jefferson Barracks was the recruiting center for the equipment and training of most of the regiments organized for the Mexican War in 1846, and after the return of US forces in 1848, many were deployed to the Jefferson Barracks for their strategic location and healthy situation.
In 1853, newly elected President Franklin Pierce, who had served as a brigadier general during the Mexican War, appointed Jefferson Davis as Secretary of War.
At Jefferson Barracks, in 1855, Davis immediately organized the First and Second Regiments of the Cavalry, known as "Jeff Davis Pets", because the personnel assigned to them were the best in the Army. Albert Sidney Johnston served as colonel and Robert E. Lee as lieutenant colonel Second Regiment Cavalry. The list of Second Cavalry Regimenters included several commanders of the Century from the US Civil War. The Second Cavalry Regiment was redesigned as the Fifth Cavalry Regiment in 1861. The US Dragoon 2d was redesigned as the 2nd Cavalry Regiment in 1861 when the War Department stopped using Dragoons as unit designations.
Civil War
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Jefferson Barracks served as a military hospital for both sides and a recruitment depot for North Korea. In 1862 the construction of a Western Sanitary Commission hospital facility began in Jefferson Barracks. By the time the hospital complex is complete, it can accommodate 3,000 patients. By the end of the first year of the war, over 5,000 sick and injured people had been accepted and, by the end of the war, more than 18,000 troops had been admitted to Jefferson Barracks Hospital. In 2002, the Missouri Civil War Museum was founded, which is still being refurbished today. MCWM is being turned on at the old 1905 Post Exchange Building. Spanish-American War
With the Spanish-American War declaration in 1898, many regular soldiers and volunteer regiments, once again, were set up and equipped at Jefferson Barracks. Jefferson Barracks was permanently designated as a recruitment depot in 1906; it has been used intermittently like that from generation to generation.
World War I
On March 1, 1912 Jefferson Barracks became the main base for the first experiment in parachuting flight. Albert Berry became the first person to successfully parachute from an airplane, being flown by Anthony Jannus on the field.
During World War I, Jefferson Barracks became a training and recruiting station for soldiers heading to Europe.
During the 1930s, the Citizens Military Training Camp or CMTC was held at Jefferson Barracks. Young men can spend a month per year in post trained as soldiers, and after three years they can enter the military. Also during that time, the Job Progress Administration (WPA) had a camp at Jefferson Barracks.
World War II
During World War II, Jefferson Barracks was the main receiving center for US troops designed to be military. It also served as an important base training ground for the Army, then became the First Air Force Training Site. Elements of the Central Technical Training Command (later East) were placed in barracks.
During World War II, Jefferson Barracks had a peak area of ​​1,518 hectares (6.14 km²), and had billiard halls for 16 officers and 1,500 enlisted men.
Jefferson Barracks closed down as a military post in 1946 with the end of World War II.
Post World War II
After Jefferson Barracks was closed, some of the land was sold for house construction. Several barracks were purchased by the St. Housing Authority. Louis as a low-cost temporary housing. They were destroyed in 1960 and replaced by the current development of Jefferson Townhomes. Bishop DuBourg High School is located on the Jefferson Barracks property for several years in the early 1950s. Former Jefferson Barracks School is now used for storage and maintenance; and the former theater is St. Catholic Church. Bernadette.
Now this is where two Park St. Louis County (Jefferson Barracks County Park and Sylvan Springs County Park), a National Guard Base (Army and Air Force), Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery and a Veterans Administration hospital. Some of the hospital land was donated to the Mehlville School District in the 1960s to build Charles S. Beasley Elementary School.
Today, the 135-acre National Guard post at Jefferson Barracks is home to the 70th Army Command, Missouri's largest Army National Guard brigade. The post is also the headquarters for the Homeland Area Response Unit 7; Air Operations Group 157 Air National Guard and the 10th Operation Battalion of the US Army.
During the 1960s and 1970s, parts of Jefferson Barracks County Park were used as final dumps. During the 1980s, an annual balloon race was held in the park. Nowadays, due to its large size, the high school cross country races are often held in the park in the autumn months, the most famous of which is Hancock Invitation.
Museum
Jefferson Barracks Museum
Jefferson Barracks County Park includes several museums, museums that store artifacts and history of Jefferson Barracks while it is an active US Military Post. The Powder Magazine Museum focuses on the history of Jefferson Barracks from early 1826 until it closed in 1946. The Old Ordnance Room, also once a powder magazine, displays temporary exhibits on military themes. The Workers' House Museum shows typical mid-1800 family residence.
Missouri Civil War Museum
The Missouri Civil War Museum opened in the park in 2013. Featuring a focus on the country's role during the American Civil War and including weapons, equipment, medical equipment, photographs and uniforms.
Jefferson Barracks Telephone Museum
In addition to the numerous phone collections produced from the 1900s through the 2000s, the Jefferson Barracks Telephone Museum also includes a functioning Central Office Office, military telephones from World War II to the Vietnam War, hundreds of telephony-related devices and devices , a telephone pole complete with climbing equipment, hundreds of telephone-related memorabilia pieces from the 1880s through the 2000s, a variety of new phones, special portable switchboards formed when US Presidents Carter, Ford, Nixon and Johnson visited St. Louis and the statue of Alexander Graham Bell and the history of the invention of the telephone.
The self-accessible and accessible museum has a lot of live, how-to-work works featured.
Army Units Set at Jefferson Barracks
- US. 1st Cavalry Regiment - 4 March 1833 (Origin United States Dragoons Regiment).
- 2d The Armored Cavalry Regiment - May 23, 1836 (Originally 2nd Dragoon Regiment)
- 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment - October 12, 1846 (Originally the Regiment of Pandu Installed)
- US. 4th Cavalry Regiment - March 26, 1855 (Originally 1 Cavalry Regiment)
- US. Infantry Regiment 22d - December, 1865 (Originally the 3rd Battalion, 13th Infantry Regiment)
Air Force Units Set at Jefferson Barracks
- Air Operations Group 157
- 131st Tactical Fighter Group, then Fighter Wing 131, now the 131st Bom Wing
- The Combat Communications Squadron 239 (CBCS)
- 266 Electrical Engineering Installation Team (GEEIA).
- The Engineering Installation Squadron 218
- Support Forces Skirt 131
See also
- Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery
- Missouri World War II Army Airfields
References
External links
- Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis County Parks
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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