Sanskritisation

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Sanskritization (American English, Oxford spelling) is a special form of social change found in India. This shows the process by which caste or tribe is placed lower in the caste hierarchy looking for upward mobility by mimicking the rituals and practices of the upper or dominant caste. This is a process similar to conveying in sociological terms. The term was made popular by the Indian sociologist M. N. Srinivas in the 1950s. According to Christophe Jaffrelot, a similar heuristic is described in Caste in India: Mechanism, Genesis, and Their Development by B. R. Ambedkar. Jaffrelot goes on to say, "While the term was coined by Srinivas, the process itself has been described by colonial administrators such as ET Atkinson in his book Himalayan Gazetteer and Alfred Lyall, who in his works Ambedkar may have found him."

Video Sanskritisation

Definisi

M N. Srinivas defines sanskritis as a process whereby "the Hindu caste, or tribe or other group, changes the customs, ritual ideologies, and way of life toward it, from the high caste and is often born twice.. "Generally such changes are followed by claims for higher positions in the caste hierarchy than those traditionally assigned to plaintiff classes by local communities...."

One obvious example of sanskritisisation is adoption, in imitating the practice of caste that was born twice, vegetarianism by people belonging to "low castes" who traditionally do not reject non-vegetarian food.

Vishwakarma Caste claims Brahmin status is generally not accepted outside the community, although they assume some high caste properties, such as wearing sacred threads, and Brahminizing their rituals. For example, the sociologist M. N. Srinivas, who developed the concept of sanskritisization, matched the success of the Lingayat caste in achieving progress in Karnataka society in such ways with the failure of Vishwakarma to achieve the same. Their position as a left caste has not helped their ambition.

According to M.N. Srinivas, Sanskritisisasi not only the adoption of new habits and habits, but also includes exposure to new ideas and values ​​that appear in the Sanskrit literature. He says the words Karma, dharma, paap, maya, samsara and moksha are the most common Sanskrit theological ideas that become common in the talk of the sanskritised.

This phenomenon has also been observed in Nepal among the Special People, Magar, Newar and Tharu.

Maps Sanskritisation

Theory

M N. Srinivas first proposed this theory in D.Philnya. thesis at the University of Oxford. This thesis is then taken out as a book entitled Religion and Society among Coorgs of South India. Published in 1952, the book is an ethnographic study of the Karnataka Kodava (Coorg) community. M N. Srinivas wrote in the book:

"The caste system is far from a rigid system in which the position of each component caste is fixed for all time.Movement is always possible, and especially in the middle of a hierarchy A caste is capable, within a generation or two, to rise to a higher position in the hierarchy by adopting vegetarianism and teetotalism, and by Sanskritising its rituals and pantheon.In short, it takes over, as far as possible, the habits, rituals, and beliefs of Brahmins, and the adoption of the Brahmin's way of life by the lower castes seems to have been frequent, although theoretically forbidden This process has been called 'Sanskritisisasi' in this book, in preference to 'Brahminization', as certain Vedic rituals are limited to Brahmins and two other 'two birth' castes. "

The book challenges the prevalent idea that caste is a rigid and unchanging institution. The concept of sanskritisation addresses the complexity and flexibility of true caste relationships. This became the academic focus of the dynamics of status renegotiation by various castes and communities in India.

Yogendra Singh has criticized this theory as follows:

"... Sanskritisisasi fails to account for many aspects of cultural change in the past and contemporary of India because of its neglect of non-sanskritic traditions.It can be noted that often non-sanskritic cultural elements may be a local form of the sanskritic tradition.... Sanskrit rites are often added to non-Sanskritic rite without replacing it. "

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See also

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Note

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References

• EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica s.v. "Hinduism", History of Hinduism  »Hinduism sources» Non-Indo-European sources »" Sanskritization "process
• Religion and Society among Coorgs of South India by MN Srinivas, (Oxford, 1952)
• Caste in Modern India; And other essays: Page 48. (Media Promoter & Publisher Pvt. Ltd, Bombay; First Issue: 1962, Reprint 11: 1994)
• Fatalism and Development; Dor Bahadur Bista, First published: 1999, hit Oxford India
• Jaffrelot, Christophe (2005). Dr. Ambedkar and untouchable: analyzing and fighting caste . London: C. Hurst & amp; Publisher Co. ISBN: 978-1-85065-449-0.
• Tarde, Gabriel (1899). Social Law: Outline of Sociology . New York, Macmillan company; London, Macmillan & amp; co., ltd. Ã,

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External links

• References
• Micael Witzel, Early Sanskritization. The Origin and Development of the Kuru Country.

Source of the article : Wikipedia