The use of dogs in search and rescue (SAR) is a valuable component in tracking wilderness, natural disasters, mass casualties, and in finding missing persons. Special handling and well-trained dogs are needed for dog use in order to be effective in search efforts. Search and rescue dogs are usually done, by small teams on foot.
Search and rescue dogs detect human scents. Although the exact process is still being investigated, it may include skin rafts (skin cells carrying a scent that lowers humans alive at a rate of about 40,000 cells per minute), volatile sweat, respiratory gas, or decomposition gases released by bacterial action in humans. skin or tissue.
Video Search and rescue dog
Jenis
From their training and experience, search and rescue dogs can be broadly classified as air-conditioned dogs or trailing dogs (and tracking). They can also be classified according to whether they distinguish the aroma , and under what conditions they can work. The scent distinctive dog has proven their ability to warn only on the scent of a person, after being given a sample of the person's scent. Distinguishing dogs with no aroma of vigilance or following the scent of a certain kind, such as the human scent or the aroma of a corpse. SAR dogs can be specially trained for debris searching, for water searching, and for searching avalanche.
Dogs with the scent of air use the human scent in general for the subject at home, while the trailing dogs depend on the scent of a particular subject. Dogs scented air usually work out of the lead, usually, though not always, does not distinguish between scents (eg, finding the scent of any human being as opposed to a specific person), and includes a wide area of ​​terrain. The dogs are trained to follow the scent spread or wind act perpendicular to the wind, and then show their findings (eg, by sitting together with the lost and barking until the handler arrives, or to return to the handler and indicate contact with the subject, and then lead the handler back to the subject). Handler, terrain, environment (vegetation), and atmospheric conditions (wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, and sky conditions) determine the area covered by air-scented dogs, although the search area is usually possible 40-160 acres and the source scent can be detected from a distance of 1/4 mile or so. Although other breeds can be trained for air-scented, water-scenting prototypical dogs are herders (eg German or Belgian Shepherds, Border Collies) or sports (eg, Tollers, Golden, Labradors or Springer Spaniels) who have breeds of reputation to work closely and coordinate with a human handler.
Tracking
Dog trackers will usually work on lead and most will have a nose to the track following a ground disturbance. A good dog tracker will be able to work through various fields as well as maneuvering successfully and the "double back" that the subject may take.
Trailing
The trailing dog is a specific scent, can also have its head using some airborne scent techniques to find the subject. Trailing dogs will work on lead, and trailing dogs will roam from the actual path the subject takes if an aroma pool is found. This is not regarded as a mistake by dogs, as they follow a certain aroma and work through all other human scents to get the source. It is a common misconception that only German Shepherd Dogs, Doberman Pinschers and Bloodhounds do work like this.
All dogs are able to track and follow; Larger breeds, sport, hound, work and herd tend to be used more often simply because of their adaptability in various fields.
Variations
In addition to this type of dog, some of the dog's cross-carriage teams are both trailing and airscenting and using it as a specific "scent search area". Usually these dogs work in areas that can be used by an airspace worker, but are able to ignore other search teams and others within or near the designated search area. When deployed in this way, the flying dogs need an aroma article just like a dog left behind. These dogs train every day and are very hard workers.
Apps
Specific applications for SAR dogs include wilderness, disaster, corpses, avalanche, and drowning search and rescue or recovery.
In SAR wilderness applications, dogs can be deployed to a high probability area (the place where the subject may or where the scent of the subject may collect, as in the drainage in the morning) while trailing dogs can be propagated from the last known subject matter (LKP) or site instructions found. Handlers should be able to navigate bushes, survival techniques in the wilderness, and independently. The dogs should be able to work for 4-8 hours without interruption (eg, by wildlife).
Disaster dogs are used to search for disaster victims or mass casualties (eg, earthquakes, landslides, collapsed buildings, flight incidents). Many disaster dogs in the US are trained to meet Federal Emergency Management Agency K9 standards for domestic or international placements; agility and advanced off-lead training is a prerequisite that reflects the nature of these dogs applications. Disaster dogs rely mainly on air space, and may be limited in mass casualties because of their inability to distinguish between the survivors and the recently deceased victims.
Detection of human signs ( HRD ) or cadaver dogs is used to find the remains the deceased victim. Depending on the nature of the search, these dogs can work out of lead (for example, to search for large areas for buried remains) or leads (to recover clues from the scene). Tracking dogs are often cross-trained as dogs, although the scent the dog detects is clearly different from that detected for a living or newly dead subject. Cadaveric dogs may find whole bodies (including buried or submerged ones), rotting bodies, body pieces (including blood, tissue, hair, and bones), or bone remnants; the ability of a dog depends on its training.
In the winter of 1997 to spring 1998 Dr. Deb Komar from the University of Alberta, Canada conducted the study 'The use of vultures in the case of continued decomposition: A field study in adverse recovery scenarios and discrimination against animals vs humans. '. Dr Aroma works with vulture teams from the RCMP Civil Search Dog Program now the Canadian Search Dog Association and the Alberta Rescue and Rescue Dog Association. This study shows the accuracy of dogs in moderate to severe winter weather conditions, as well as the ability of dogs to distinguish between animals and human remains. This shows that a near 100% accuracy level can be achieved through careful and targeted training. His work has been published in the Journal of Forensic Anthropology. The key importance is the materials used in training because the artificial aroma available proves to be significantly different than that of bacteria containing biological tissue, etc.
Avalanche dogs also work with crew, disaster, or dog kada, and should be able to transition quickly from SAR-airscenting scenarios to disaster scenarios that focus on determining the location of the subject. The main responsibility of Landslide dogs is to find humans trapped under snow. Some avalanche dogs can kiss people who are under 15 feet of snow. Some of the dogs used for this work are St. Bernards, German Shepherd Dogs, and Labrador Retrievers.
Search for non-existent animals (MAS) dogs using tracking, trailing and water scenting techniques to locate missing, trapped or injured animals and can be trained to look for animals that have died or still there. Lost Animal Find Dog Association based in Herefords hi in the UK is doing research in this search and rescue field.
Maps Search and rescue dog
Training
Training is a rigorous, time-consuming and comprehensive process for dogs and handlers. For dogs, the best training starts at an early age (at the time of the acquisition of a suitable pup, 8-10 weeks) for the distribution of dogs within 12-18 months and retires at the age of 5-10 years, depending on the breed and individual dog. Compliance training is essential for dog safety, order in the staging area, and to maintain professionalism in law enforcement and the public. Socialization and handler-canine bonding is very important for dogs that use airscenting. Basic dexterity training is required, and advanced training may be paid unexpectedly. Scent training should be started as early as possible and best achieved by working with experienced and established local training groups with track record of working with local or state law enforcement.
For puppies, expect to practice daily obedience, socialization and agility 2-5 times for 10 to 60 minutes, and aroma training 3-7 times per week for 5-30 minutes. As the dog's ability increases, daily compliance training continues, with an impromptu and planned session of freshness and socialization. The frequency of scent exercise decreases (3-5 times/week) but the duration increases (20-60 minutes per session). A ready-to-find dog requires a one-week training session (4-8 hours) along with frequent focus sessions (5-60 minutes, 3 or more times per week). Training outside the main focus of the dog (eg, Teaching dog scent discrimination, cadaver or snow avalanche techniques) should be done carefully and only after the dog performs reliably in the main training area.
Usually training begins as a game played with puppies, starting with simple gift-based training (ie puppies given treats or being allowed to play with toys while showing simple skills like taking a toy and bringing it back to the coach) and extending outward to "game" with more specific job skills (ie, the beloved toy is fragrance with the desired fragrance to be found, when the puppy finds the toy, he is allowed to play with the toy; then, the aroma and the toy are separated so the puppy will look for the aroma and be rewarded with toys afterwards).
The "game" technique is very effective with dogs being raised for retrieval (such as hunting and sporting seeds) but also succeeding in shepherding and herding dogs. The more commonly used approaches are basic training on herding, feeding/prey, and packaging instincts: early training for puppies usually involves running away games where the handler ran from the puppy and hiding in close proximity. The basic instinct encourages the puppy to find the subject, initially by looking but with the association of the human scent. To advance this training, subjects hide longer or longer between the subject's departure and the release of the dog. Dogs are forced to rely more on the scent to find the subject. Finally, the dog can be diverted to seek without seeing the subject go by simply giving the orders used when he is released during basic runout training. During all stages, finding subjects is reinforced in various ways (praise, play, or food).
For the handler (again, based on the experience of exploring the wilderness), the desert orientation and self-sufficiency/survival is an important training skill. Dog handling skills should also be learned during training (for example, recognizing work-impaired behavior, distinguishing between marks and findings, and positioning dogs to maximize terrain coverage). The most important thing is the ability of the handler to understand how the dog works at a point in time, where the handler will need a detailed and deep understanding of the aroma theory. Advanced medical emergency skills are usually not required but recommended. There are rigorous studies on the theory of scents, the behavior of missing persons, dog search techniques, and incident orders in publications that are hard to find by William (Bill) Syrotuck. Due to the necessary deployment rate occasionally, top-end CHAR organizations may require difficult physical testing. This ensures that the handler is able to cope with the ever-changing situations presented to them.
Scented dogs are trained to discover (that is, following the human scent to the source, be it human or human traces), but this basic process has been described and improved: dogs are now generally trained in recall/repair and indicate. The whole process can be started with the "Go find!" Command, indicating that the dog is looking until found. After finding, the dog can be trained to return to the handler (remember), perform trained indications (often bark added with some meaningful touch form of the handler, such as a paw placed at the handler's feet or "sit" -stay "at the handler's feet) and returned to the subject (strain, sometimes marked with the command "Show me!").When the handler is on the subject, the dog is released (and during the training, is rewarded).The dog is trained in the shuttle withdrawal between the handler and the source until the handler and subject are visible (this is based on the instinct of the dog's natural package).This is the greatest use in situations where the dog may start from the handler (wilderness scenting) or the subject can be hidden or invisible (eg, at night, hidden in the brush) , but is less useful for dogs trained to close quest headquarters (eg, corpses and drown dogs).
There are two schools of thought to recognize when the dog has discovered a "natural" or untrained indication, versus a trained indication. With natural indication, the handler must learn to recognize the dog's change in body language when he or she has discovered. For example, a dog may approach the handler and give a special view, or return to the handler in a very determined way; the natural indication of each dog is unique and it is often difficult for the handler to accurately describe to others. This method is said to be accurate (currently only a method used by RCMP), instinctive, and natural so requires less training for dogs and more for the handler. This allows the dog to "Have a bad day" and considering that it is still a natural reaction, the dog will still react in the same way.
During the course of the training, the handler must learn to recognize this behavior without signaling to the dog (do not let the dog learn to "show" only when the handler unconsciously asks for it, a common mistake during the training process). Initial training sessions may be complicated if the handler (who is learning to read dogs) fails to give the rewards of finding exactly because he failed to recognize the dog's natural indication. So it is important to practice with those who have more experience. At the scene, the handler must always pay attention to the dog, which may be difficult or dangerous in commonly encountered search scenarios (eg, night, hazardous terrain, low visibility, when navigating off the track, when tired or distracted). Dog handlers trained for the risk of missing natural indications find outside training scenarios, mistaken for warnings of findings, or findings lost due to natural indications not being noticed or recognized, but they have the advantage of being dog tires or being disturbed they will continue to behave naturally while they may not follow up with a trained response.
Trained indications involve additional steps in the search process; dogs are taught to perform clearly recognizable behaviors only after finding the subject. For example, the dog may return to the handler and sit down, make a leap, bark (either in the handler or near the subject), or take a bait or fishing pole. The addition of this extra step during the training is easy to do, has the benefit of being easily recognizable under any circumstances, and can easily be distinguished from warnings (see below). Often, training a dog to perform certain behaviors is easier and more reliable than the training officer to consistently and reliably read the "natural" dog indication. This requires less training on the part handler and more on the dogs section. An example of a trained response is that, when a long-range invention has been made, the dog can be taught to repeatedly repeat between the subject and the handler using a refers-show-refund-return order.
When using trained indications, the behavior should be well embedded in the search process-recalling that the exhausted dog did not miss it. Distractions are still a problem and extensive training needs to be done to avoid this so that something as simple as a loud noise or an animal prevents a lost person from being found. Advanced dogs can be trained to give different indications depending on the nature of the invention: for example, a leap to find the living air scent and sit for the corpse. A potential problem with this method is that poorly trained dogs (or those who have been through training in a hurry) may become distracted before committing a warning.
A warning of scenting dogs may differ from indications (although for dogs using natural indications, they may be indistinguishable). Both involve the ability to read dog behavior. Alerts are examples where scout dogs detect human scents but find no subject or source. Signs can be identified by changes in dog behavior - pointing, following winds against scents, spinning, or following a field or aroma barrier, for example. Recognizing important warnings for any experienced handler, since warning locations along with wind conditions, environmental conditions, and terrain can be used by the handler to change the search strategy. Regardless of whether the dog is trained to indicate the findings, or whether the handler uses a natural indication to discover, all handlers must be able to recognize the warning in order to effectively implement their dog. Inexperienced handlers who use trained indications may have difficulty recognizing signs, while handlers that depend on natural indications may not be able to distinguish indications (because the behavior is essentially the same).
See also
- Alpine Spaniel
- Beauty (dog)
- Mountain dog
- Search and restore the horse
- Sabi (dog)
- Jake (rescue dog)
- Orion (dog)
- Nosework
References
- Find & amp; Rescue Dogs of Pennsylvania
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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