stepfamily , mixed families , or bonus families are families in which at least one parent has a child unrelated genetically with another partner or spouse. Either parent may have children from a previous relationship. Children in a stepfamily can live with one biological parent, or they can live with each biological parent for a certain period of time. In addition, visitation rights mean that children in the stepfamily often have contact with both biological parents, even if they live permanently with just one person.
A child is referred to as a stepchild, stepchild or stepchild of a new spouse of their biological parents, and that person as stepparent, stepfather or stepmother of the child.
The stepfather is the husband of one's mother, and not the biological father of a person. Stepmother is the wife of someone's father, and not the biological mother of a person. A stepmother is the wife of one's grandfather, and not a person's biological grandmother. A stepfather is not a biological grandfather of a person. A is not the father of one's cousin. Step aunt is the wife of one's parent's brother (uncle) and not the mother of one's cousin. Similarly, the half-brother is the son of a biologically unrelated step-brother. A half-brother is a child of an unrelated biological parent. Stepson is the grandson of a couple who are not biologically related. Stepson is the grandson of a couple who are not biologically related. Step cousin is the son or daughter of the husband of an aunt (uncle) or the wife of a uncle (aunt) who is not biologically related. Couples of parents of the same gender may also be considered stepparents.
Alternatively, in Australia under the Family Law Act of 1975 (Cth) a "stepparent" in relation to a child, interpreted as a non-parent of a child; and, or have, married or de facto partners of, parents of children; and treats, or at any time when married to, or de facto partners of, parents treated, children as family members formed with parents.
The "simple" stepbrother is one in which only one member of the couple has a child or child before and the couple has no additional children. When both members of the couple have at least one pre-existing child, the new family is "complex" or "mixed" from the beginning; if only one member had one or more children before but the couple had another child together, the "complex"/"mix" designation replaced the "simple" appointment at the birth of the new child. If both members of the couple had previous children, the children were half-brothers and half-sisters to each other. Every next child born of this couple is the half-brother of the previous children.
Along with "simple" and "complex", there are other terms that help describe the type of step family. The most popular types are neotraditional, matriarchal, and romantic. Neotraditionals are the most common and have both parents share the responsibilities of the children. In the matriarchal step family, a strong and independent woman is responsible for the family with stepfather to become a mentor. Finally, the romantic stepfamily is when both parents hope to combine their separate family to run smoothly without realizing that a problem will arise.
If the stepparent legally adopts a child or her partner's child, he or she will become a legitimate parent. In such cases, parents may stop using the terms "stepparent" and "stepchild" and instead refer to the child only as their son or daughter; depending on the degree of affinity of the child to the adoptive parent and/or consent of the legal process culminating in the adoption of the child, the child may also impose the "step-step" of his description of the relationship. Even when all parties describe relationships using terms that are applied to biological families and adoption, yet, at least some of the emotional and psychological problems common to stepfathers can continue.
Video Stepfamily
Etymology
The earliest prefixing of the prefix step - , in the form of steop - , comes from an 8th century glossary of the Old Latin-English word meaning "orphan". Steopsunu is provided for the Latin filiaster and steopmoder for nouerca . Similar words recorded later in Old English include stepbairn , stepchild and stepfather . Words are used to indicate the connections resulting from remarriage of widowed and related parents to the word ÃÆ'¡stÃÆ'eped which means mourning, with stepbairn and stepchild is occasionally used only as a synonym for orphan . Words like stepchild , stepchild and stepparents appear long after and have no certain connotation of mourning. Other suitable Germanic words include: Old High German stiuf - and Old Norse stjÃÆ'ºp - .
Maps Stepfamily
Challenges
According to James Bray, the three challenges facing the stepfamily are financial and living arrangements, resolving feelings about previous marriages and anticipating parenting changes. Research has shown that parents who constantly fight with their former spouses tend to make their children suffer mentally and emotionally. However, parents who are close to their former spouse tend to make their new spouse insecure and anxious
The additional challenges facing the stepfamily or family are those that are related to the parent's father's side as well as the innate bonds that the father's parents have with their children and vice versa. Stepparents often face significant difficulties when interacting with dad's parents. Often, the father's parent feels as if the other man or woman will eventually replace them. This is a common feeling parents have when dealing with a new mixed family situation..
Legal status
Although historically the stepfamily has been established through marriage institutions and is legally recognized, it is not currently clear whether the stepfamily can be established and recognized by less formal arrangements, such as when a man or woman with children lives with other men or women outside wedding. This relationship became more common in all Western countries.
There seem to be many cultures in which these families are socially recognized as the de facto family. However, in modern Western culture it is often unclear as to what social status and protection they favor in law, if any.
Stepparents are "official strangers" in most of the US and have no legal rights for small children no matter how involved in their child's life. Biological parents (and, if applicable, adoptive parents) have the privilege and responsibility. If the biological parents do not release custody and custody of their child, another marriage of another parent can not create parental relationships without the written consent of the biological parents before the "child" reaches maturity. In many cases, stepparents can not be ordered to pay child support.
Stepparents generally do not have the authority to give legal consent for medical care for stepchildren, unless the stepparent legally adopts the child or has been appointed a legal guardian. The child's parent or legal guardian may sign a statement authorizing a third party to approve medical treatment.
With regard to unmarried couples, one can easily imagine such social and legal recognition, especially in the case of ordinary marriage. Unmarried couples today can also find social recognition locally through community consensus.
However, it is not at all clear that formal formal roles, rights, responsibilities and formal social ethics must exist between their "stepparents" and their "stepchild". This often leaves parents in unexpected conflicts with each other, their former spouse and children.
For all the confusion that the stepparent may feel, it is often even less clear to the stepchild what interpersonal, or should, relationship between themselves and their steps; between them and their stepparents; and even between them and their biological parents. This relationship can be very complex, especially in circumstances where every "step" can bring their own children home or home where children are expected to actively participate in each newly created family of both born parents.
Although most step families can agree on what they do not want for each other, they are often difficult to agree on what they want for each other. This makes it difficult for everyone in the family to learn about their role. This is especially difficult for children, because their roles and expectations change as they move between the home and the families of their biological parents.
Parent adoption
United States
In the United States, the most common adoption form is adopting stepchildren. By adopting a stepchild, the stepparent agrees to be fully responsible for her partner's child. Real parents who do not live with children no longer have any rights or responsibilities for the child, including child support.
Stepparents can be legitimate parents for their stepchild through the adoption of stepparents. Both biological parents, if alive, must approve or approve adoption. When a stepparent adopts a stepchild, either the parent who is not in power from the child is willing to give up custody to the child, or the court terminates the parental rights of the biological parent if there is evidence of abuse or neglect of the child.. If the parent is not involved in the child's life, the court may terminate the right of the biological parent on grounds of neglect. The reason left in most states is there is no contact between parent and child at least one year.
Local laws for completing adoption of stepparents vary. Although non-custodial parental consent to adoption is the easiest way to complete adoption of stepparents, it is still possible to have one completed when they do not approve, or can not be found.
Parental step adoption can still occur if other biological parents refuse permission or can not be found. Most state laws permit parental rights to terminate when parents deliberately fail to pay child support or communicate with children for a certain period of time, usually a year.
Adoption of stepparents can also occur if other biological parents die
Canada
In Canada, one needs to write about the state of the child for adoption. Some circumstances may include: mental, physical, and emotional well-being of children, their background, religion, positive relationships, etc. If the child is Indian or indigenous, then the family must determine their plan to keep the child involved in their culture
Abuse
The classic fairytale criminal is a cruel stepmother. She persecuted her non-biological child by locking them, or trying to kill them in some cases, and treating her own children very well if she had them. In popular culture phrases like, "I will beat you like a red-headed stepchild" are pronounced as a common threat that shows how conscious people are about the nature assumed from the abuse of the step family. The thought is that this child is not their biological son is more likely to be beaten for lack of family ties. Research on this topic suggests that the issue is not very clear. The image of the evil stepmother has been known but many available studies show more abuse coming from stepfather and not stepmother.
The stepfather has been shown to abuse female stepchildren more than men. They also proved to be more abusive to girls than to biological families, but less harsh than foster father. Harassment learned with men in mind tends to focus on children's physical or sexual abuse rather than emotional abuse. Ignore is also discussed as a method of qualifying child abuse by stepparents in general. In 2004, a US study by Weekes and Weekes-Shackelford found that while biological fathers were fatally torturing children aged 5 and under at a rate of 5.6 per million per year; Stepfather was found to have a rate of 55.9 per million per year. A British study conducted in 2000 had different results that found that fewer children responded as stepparents. Economic factors can also play a role in the abuse of stepchildren. In places with higher levels of social tension it may be more common or harder. Other studies of census data and child abandonment and abuse records have found that stepparents may be more represented in harassment figures. They found that when the data were balanced, biological parents had much higher levels of harassment than the stepparents.
Stepmothers are considered less abusive in their abuse and vice versa mainly rely on verbal and emotional abuse.
There is little research in the area of ​​parental abuse by children related to stepchildren who are harassing stepparents. Misuse of stepchildren by their siblings is also a topic with little research.
In research
In his book, Being Stepfamily, Patricia Papernow (1993) suggests that each stepfamily passes through seven different stages of development, which can be divided into Early, Middle, and Ended stages. The Early Stage consists of the Fantasy, Immersion, and Awareness stages. In the Fantasy stage, children and parents are usually "trapped" in their fantasies or desires for what their family is like. The development task for this stage is that each member articulates their wants and needs. At the Immersion stage, families usually struggle to live up to the "perfect" mixed-family fantasies. At this stage, it is very important for the "insiders" (ie the biological parents who usually form the emotional center of the family) to understand that "outsider" and children's feelings are real. The task of this stage is to survive in the struggle to become aware of experiences. This stage is followed by the Awareness stage, in which the family gathers information about what the new family is like (eg, roles, traditions, "family culture"), and how each member perceives it. The task of this stage is twofold: individuals and aggregates. The individual task is that each member begins to put words on the feelings they are experiencing, and voices their needs to other family members. The joint task is for family members to start beyond "experience gaps" and try to form an understanding of the roles and experiences of other members.
The Middle Stage consists of the stage of Mobilization and Action. In the Mobilization phase, stepparents can begin to move forward to handle family processes and structures. The task of this stage is to deal with differences in the perceptions of each new family member, as well as to influence each other before embarrassing or blaming begin to take action to rearrange the family structure. The goal here is to make joint decisions about new rituals, rules, and family roles. The focus at this stage is on the unique "middle ground" stepfamily (ie "shared areas of shared experience, common value, and co-operative functionality," p.Ã, 39), and balancing this new middle ground by respecting the relationship past and other.
The Next Stage consists of the Contacts and Resolutions stage. In the Contact stage, the couple works well together, the boundaries between the households are clear, and the stepparents have a definite role with stepchildren as "intimate outsiders." The task for this stage is to strengthen the role of stepparent, and continue the process of consciousness. Finally, in the Resolution phase, the identity of the stepfamily has become secure. The family accepts itself for what it is, there is a strong understanding of the middle path of the stepfamily, and the children feel secure in both households. The task for this stage is to maintain the depth and maturity obtained through this process, and to reestablish any problems that may arise in a family "nodal event" (eg, marriage, funerals, graduation, etc.).
In his book, Stepmonster: A New View Why Real Stepmother Thinks, Feels, and Does We Do , social researcher Martin Martin took an anthropological approach to researching step-family dynamics. The Daily Mail says that Stepmonster in the US has been widely regarded as the 'go-to' source for stepmothers, stepchildren, and therapists. "
Education
The prevalence of stepfamily increased over the last century with increasing divorce and remarriage. According to the Step Family Foundation, "more than 50% of families in the US remarry or change." These families are unique in their experiences facing many challenges that the first married family does not have. For example, role ambiguity, dealing with stepchildren, and ex-spouses are just some of the problems unique to these families. Responding to the wishes of these families for help, stepfamily education has become an increasingly common topic among scholars and educators. While still a relatively new facet of marriage education, stepparent education provides important information that may not be addressed in the curriculum of marriage education or traditional relationships. As discussed by Adler-Baeder and Higginbotham (2004) a number of curricula are currently available to family and stepfamily educators; However, further research is needed to determine best practices for the field. One of the ways in which this gap is being filled is through the current implementation of the Healthy Marriage Demonstration Grant in the US As part of the 2005 Deficit Reduction Act, a grant for a healthy marriage and responsible father, which includes a population at risk and as diverse as step family, providing important information about the step-family program evaluation and its effectiveness in serving step families.
See also
- Half-siblings
- Cinderella effect
- Phaedra complex
Footnote
References
- Warner, Marina. From Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales and Their Tellers , ISBN 0-374-15901-7
- Tattoo, Mary. Difficult Facts Grimms Tales , ISBNÃ, 0-691-06722-8
- Tattoo, Mary. Classic Annotated Tales , ISBN 0-393-05163-3
Further reading
- LeBey, Barbara (2004). Marrying Children: Ten Secrets to Successfully Blending and Expanding Your Family . New York: Bantam.
- Martin, Wednesday, Ph.D. (2009). Stepmonster: A New Look Why Real Stepmomes Think, Feel, and Act Like We Do . New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Papernow, Patricia L. (1993). Being a Step Family: A Pattern of Married Family Development . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Ulrike Zartler, Valerie Heinz-Martin, Oliver ArrÃÆ'¡nz Becker (Eds.) (2015). Family Dynamics After Partition: A Life-Daily Perspective on the Post-Divorce Family . ZfF Special Edition, Volume 10, Barbara Budrich, ISBN 978-3-8474-0686-0.
External links
- Parental Steps in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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