Syria (Arabic: ?????? ?), also known as Syrian people Arabic: ????? ?????? ? ALA-LC: al-sha'ab al-S? R? ; Suryani: ?????? ?), is a Syrian resident, who has the Levantine Semitic ancestors. The cultural and linguistic heritage of the Syrian people is a blend of the two original elements and foreign cultures that have come to rule the land and its people for thousands of years.
Syrian Arab Republic has a population of nearly 17 million in 2014, in addition to 4 million Syrian refugees. The dominant racial group is the Syrian descendants of the old indigenous peoples who mix with the Arabs and identify themselves in addition to the Aramean ethnic group.
The Syrian Diaspora comprises 15 million Syrian people who immigrate to North America (United States and Canada), EU Member States (including Sweden, France and Germany), South America (especially in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela and Colombia ), West Indies, Australia and Africa.
Video Syrians
Etimologi
The name "Syria" was employed by Greeks and Romans to show the Syrian population; However, they call themselves Aram and Assyria. The ethnic appointment of "Syria" comes from the word "Assyria" and appears in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Some argue that the discovery of the inscription ÃÆ' â € ¡inekÃÆ'¶y in 2000 seems to support the theory that the term Syria comes from Assyria.
The Greeks used the terms "Syria" and "Assyria" interchangeably to show the natives of Aram, Assyria, and other inhabitants of the Near East, Herodotus considered "Syria" to the west of the Euphrates River. From the 2nd century BC onwards, the ancient authors named the Seleucid ruler as the King of Syria or the King of the Syrians. The Seleucists established the Seleucis and Coele-Syriac districts explicitly as Syria and ruled Syria as a native population west of the Euphrates (Aramea) different from the Assyrians who had their native land in eastern Mesopotamia Euphrates. However, the exchange between Assyria and Syria lasted during the Hellenistic period.
In one instance, Egyptian Ptolemies reserved the term "Syrian Village" as the name of the settlement in Fayoum. The term "Syria" is being debated whether it refers to Jews or Aramaic people, as Ptolemies refers to all those who are from Syria and modern Palestine as Syrians.
The term Syria is imposed on the Aram of the modern Levant by Romans. Pompey created the Syrian province, which includes modern Lebanon and Syria in western Euphrates, framing the province as a regional social category with civil implications. Plutarch describes the natives in this newly formed Roman province as "Syrians", as well as Strabo, who observed that the Syrians lived west of the Euphrates River in Syria, and he explicitly mentioned that the Syrians it is the Arameans, whom he calls Aramaei, denoting an ethnic that still exists.
In his book The Great Roman-Jewish War, Josephus, a native Hebrew of the Levant, mentions Syria as a native non-Hebrew, non-Greek native of Syria.
The Arabs called Syria and Levant Al-Sham. The national and ethnic appointment of "Syria" is one that has been reused, accepted and embraced by the Syrian people since the rise of modern nationalism, originating in Europe and beginning with the culmination of the early 1800s Napoleonic Wars.
Maps Syrians
Identity
In addition to the religious identity, the Syrians are divided between the three identities, namely Arabic, Syrian, and Syrian identity. Many Muslims and some Arabic-speaking Christians describe themselves as Arabs, while many Aramaic-speaking Christians and Muslim minorities prefer to portray themselves as Syrians or Aramaese. Also some people from Syria, especially Syrian nationalists, describe themselves only as Syrians.
Ethnogenesis
The Syrian people are from the ancient Semitic peoples of ancient times, especially the Amorites, Aramaic, Assyrians, Phoenicians, Palmyrians, and residents of Arabia. The majority of Syrian people who call themselves Arabs are the result of Syrian linguistic Arabization following the Muslim conquest of the Levant.
Arabization and Islamization of Syria began in the 7th century, while it took several centuries for Islam, Arabic identity, and language to spread. Syria welcomes Arabs as liberators who make Arabization and conversion faster. The Arabs had a policy of separating the indigenous Syrian from the Arab tribes; they are building new settlements to accommodate new tribes that limit the ethnic assimilation of the original "Arab Aram". The Caliph of Uthman specifically ordered his governor, Muawiyah I, to settle new tribes far from the original inhabitants. However, the mastery of Arabic as the state's formal language encourages the cultural and linguistic assimilation of Syrian converts.
While the Umayyad Caliphate showed some religious tolerance, the Abbasid Caliphate had a different approach, and at the time of the Crusades (1100 AD) most Syrians adopted Islam and culturally and linguistically in Arabization. New converts mixed with Arabs and shifted to Arab racial identity, but the mixing did not change genetics dramatically when modern Syrians showed a "high affinity for the Levant" based on studies comparing modern and ancient DNA samples.
Many Christians lose their identity and adopt the identity of Arab races, becoming indistinguishable from the Arabian Christians of the pre-conquest era, while those who retain the character of their race maintain the identity of Syria and are mainly divided between two groups:
- Followers of the Syriac Orthodox Church of the Western Rite and the Syrian Catholic Church; These Syrian-speaking Christians hold Syrian Identity (Syriac) throughout the ages, though now most of them speak Arabic while retaining their racial identity. Syriac is still a liturgical language for most of Syria's different churches in Syria. Recently, the Syrian Orthodox Church, historically called "Syria", officially changed its English name to "Syriac" in 2000.
- The Aramaic-speaking group of the Bakh'a, Jubb'adin and Ma'loula, who retain their racial and linguistic characteristics, while the inhabitants of Bakh'a and Jubb'adin are Muslims. In Ma'loula the Christian majority is divided between the Greek Antioch Greek Orthodox Church and the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, in addition to the Muslim minority. Two famous Syrian Christian families in Ma'loula include the Greek Orthodox Naddaf family and the Al-Ahmar Catholic family.
Genetics
Genetic testing on Syrians is included in many genetic studies, a genetic marker that identifies ancient Levantines ancestry found among members of all Levantines from different religious groups. Syrian Muslims show an increase in Arab genetics higher than their Christian counterparts. The most common haplogroup is J represented by subclades (branches) J1 and J2.
Y-DNA haplogroup J1 (which reached the highest frequency in Yemen 72.6% and Qatar 58.3%) accounted for 33.6% of Syria. J1 has the highest frequency in people who belong to Isma'iliyah Damascus with 58.8%, while reaching the lowest frequency among the Aram of Ma'loula with 6.8%. Other frequencies are 14.7% for Druze, 47.2% for Sunni Hama, 14.3% for Syria Syaidan Saidnaya and 26.7% among Alawit populations.
Group J2 accounts for 20.8% of Syria, other Y-DNA haplog groups include E1B1B 12.0%, I 5.0%, R1a 10.0% and R1b 15.0%.
The Syrians grouped the closest to Lebanon, then the Palestinians, Jews, and then the Jordanians.
Language
Arabic is the mother tongue of the majority Syrians as well as the official language of the country. The various Arabic Arabic Levantine languages ​​vary slightly from the Arabic Modern Standard. Western Neo-Aramaic, the only surviving Aramaic West language, is still spoken in three villages (Ma'loula, Al-Sarkha (Bakhah) and Jubb'adin) in the Anti-Lebanese Mountains by Muslims and Christians. Syriac-Assyria in the north-east of the country are predominantly Surayt/Turoyo speakers but there are also speakers from Assyrian Neo-Aram, especially in the Khabour Valley. The classical Syriac is also used as a liturgical language by Syrian Christians. English, and to a lesser extent French, is widely understood and used in interactions with tourists and other foreigners.
Religions and minority groups
Religious differences in Syria are historically tolerated, and religious minorities tend to retain different cultural and religious identities. Sunni Islam is a 74% religion of Syrians. Alawi, various Shi'ite Muslims, comprises 12% of the population and most live in and around Tartus and Latakia. Christians constitute 10% of the country. Most Syrian Christians obey the Byzantine Rite; the two largest are the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch and the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. Druze are mountain people living in Jabal al-Druze who helped spark the Great Syrian Uprising. The Ishmaelites were a smaller sect that originated in Asia. Many Armenian and Assyrian Christians left Turkey during the Armenian Genocide and Assyrian genocide and settled in Syria. There are also about 500,000 Palestinians, most of whom are descendants of refugees from the 1948 Israeli-Arab War. The Syrian Jewish community in Syria once numbered 30,000 in 1947, but has only 200 today.
Syrian beliefs and views, similar to most Arabs and people from the wider Middle East, are mosaics of the West and the East. A conservative and free-thinking person will live right next to each other, and continue to argue with each other. Like other countries in the region, religion penetrates life; the government records every Syria religious affiliation.
Cuisine
Syrian cuisine is dominated by the region's original ingredients. Olive oil, garlic, olives, peppermint, and sesame oil are some of the ingredients used in many traditional foods. The traditional Syrian dishes enjoyed by Syrians include, tabbouleh, labaneh, shanklish, wara '' enab, makdous, kebab, kibbeh, sfiha, moutabal, hummus, mana'eesh, bameh, and fattoush.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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