The rate of teenage pregnancy in the UK is relatively high, when compared with other developed countries; the only other Western country with higher teenage pregnancy rates is the United States and New Zealand. Teenage pregnancy rates are higher in more economical areas. A 2002 report found that about half of all conceptions for under-18s were concentrated among the most deficient 30% of the population, with only 14% occurring among the 30% least deficient. The number of births produced today is at its lowest level since the mid-1950s. It was also found that the most deprived areas had a higher proportion of conception leading to pregnancy.
The level of conception under 2008 in England and Wales was 13% lower than in 1998. Over 60% of conceptions led to legal abortion, the highest proportion since conception statistics began in 1969. Other studies have shown similar findings.
Video Teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom
Comparative pregnancy rate
The Labor government elected in 1997 pledged to halve the number of conceptions for girls under 18 in 2010, but in 2008, a decline of only 13%, the level of State Secretary for Children Ed Balls was called 'disappointing', down by 9.5 % from 2009 to 2010 despite an increase in overall fertility. By 2014, the rate of conception below 18 years in the UK drops to 22.9 per 1,000, about half of the 1997 figure of 45.9.
Change of pregnancy rate from time to time
Birth to teens increased during the 1960s and peaked in 1971 at 50.6 per thousand population. After 1971, they gradually fell to the lowest level since the mid-1950s. The proportion that occurred outside the marriage increased from about one-sixth in the 1950s to about nine-in-ten in 2006. The rate of abortion in England and Wales by 2015 was 9.9 per 1,000 women under 18, down from 17.8 in 2005.
Geographical variations in pregnancy rate
High teenage pregnancy rates are found in areas with successful low GCSE examinations, such as Nottingham, Kingston at Hull, Doncaster, Barnsley, Middlesbrough, Manchester (highest), Sandwell, Bristol, Stoke at Trent, Bradford, North East Lincolnshire, and Blackpool. In 1997, a study revealed that there was a north-south difference in Britain at a level of conception below 18 years, with the highest levels and proportions leading to pregnancy in the north, and the lowest rate with the highest proportion leading to abortion, to the south , with the exception of London, which has high rates of both conception and abortion.
The pregnancy rate by ethnicity
Among white British citizens, 50 percent of births are done out of wedlock. The highest birth rate outside marriage, more than 60 percent, was among British black mothers. The lowest rate was among Asian mothers in the UK, with rates of birth outside of 2 percent marriage.
Maps Teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom
Pregnancy
Abortion
1967: Abortion passed in England, Wales and Scotland under the Abortion Act. The first legal abortion was made on 27 April 1968.
1969: Over nine and a half thousand girls (over twelve hundred and under 16 years old) choose abortion in England, Wales & Scotland in its first full year of legal abortion, (almost one in five abortions) the majority of whom are single. A survey of women seeking abortions by the British Pregnancy Advisory Service revealed that nearly two-fifths of parents of pregnant and pregnant teenage girls are unaware of their daughters' pregnancies, the vast majority of whom are teenagers who do not live at home.
1982: In a court ruling, a pregnant fifteen-year-old girl who had been pregnant before was allowed an abortion of her father's wishes, who did not want her to have one on religious and moral grounds. This is believed to be the first known case in the UK where a minor girl can obtain a legal abortion without the consent of her parents.
2006: The mother of two teenage daughters Sue Axon loses battle in the high court to try and prevent minors from seeking abortion without their parent's consent. The figures show that there are 4,352 abortions in Britain up to below 16, up five percent in 2005.
2008: The number of girls under 16 who have abortions reached a record level of 4,376 girls (4.4 per thousand population) in England and Wales during 2007. The numbers and numbers fell slightly in 2008. 2007 statistics show that the younger the age of women abortion, the more likely to be in the second trimester. Seventeen percent of abortions in girls under 14 have gestational age greater than 12 weeks compared to almost nine percent for women over the age of 34. Statistics from the Ministry of Health for the three-year period 2006 to 2008 show that areas with the highest abortion rates for girls under 16 years of age in England and Wales are located at the Southwark Primary Care Organization (PCO) at 9.2 per 1,000 girls in aged population 13-15 years. About seven of the top ten regions are in London. Outside London, the highest level PCOs are Darlington (8.0), Manchester (7.3) and Hartlepool (7.2). Rates for all UK & amp; Wales is 4.1.
Birth
1951: Throughout the 1940s, adolescent birth rates rose from 15.0 in every thousand in 1941 to 21.3. At the end of the second world war, the proportion of teen births born outside marriage nearly doubled from the beginning of the third decade. In 1951, the proportion decreased to 16% and remained largely unchanged throughout the decade. There are about one in six brides who are pregnant during this decade, the proportion is even higher for teenagers, with one in four being pregnant on their wedding day.
During the 1950s, the birth of unlawful children was only a small part of all unborn births, just under 15%, with more than half of all unborn births being women over the age of 25.
1959: By the late 1950s, the number of teenage births had increased by almost 50%, from thirty-three thousand in 1955 to forty-six thousand, the rate of 31.6 per thousand. The number of births for girls under 16 years remained constant during the late 1940s and early half of the 1950s. From 1955 to the late 1950s, the number of children under the age of 16 gave birth more than doubled.
1964: The number of births for women of all ages has risen by 11% since 1960 to post-World War II highs of nearly nine hundred thousand. In the same period, there was an increase of almost 49% to seventy-six thousand (43 per thousand) among teenagers. The number of married brides for the first time reaches one hundred thousand; the proportion of those who became pregnant on their wedding day has increased from 25% during the 1950s to nearly 40%, more than doubling the proportion of women in their twenties. The proportion of teenage births outside marriage has increased to nearly 25%; the most striking increase was in the number of girls under 16 who gave birth, with an increase of almost 50% between 1959 and 1960 alone. The number of births for girls under 16 has increased 125% since 1959.
1966: The Home Office Survey on adoption reveals that natural mothers in more than half of all unauthorized adoptions of unauthorized parents during that year were under 21 years of age. Almost eighteen thousand unauthorized adoptions throughout the year. , with fourteen thousand adopted by someone other than parent (s).
1969: Although the birth rate of women of all ages declines, after reaching its peak in 1964, adolescent birth rates continue to rise, to a level of 49.6 per thousand girls.
1971: The study revealed that illegitimate births were more likely among women of social class background than non-manual social class backgrounds, and that more than half of women had unlawful births before the age of 18. will continue to have a legitimate birth before the age of 25, compared with only a third for women who do not have illegitimate births in their teens.
1973: Although the overall adolescent birth rate for England and Wales has peaked in 1971, the number born under 16 years continues to increase, to more than a thousand, seven hundred. This is a 55% increase since 1964, and a 250% increase since 1959.
1974: The number of girls under 16 in Scotland who gave birth reached 148, up 39% since 1967. The number of abortions occurring in the same age group reached over 200 per year.
1975: With legalized abortion and better contraceptive availability, the number of pregnant teenage brides decreased by 37% since 1970. The adolescent birth rate also declined to 36.4 in 1975. However, the proportion of juvenile births which takes place outside of marriage continues to increase to almost one in three.
1976: The proportion of all illegitimate births that occur in adolescents has more than doubled since the 1950s, from 15% to 37%, while the proportion that occurs in women over the age of 25 has dropped from 56% to 32% in the same period. However, the proportion of births that occur outside of marriage with women of all ages is still only 9%.
With the legalization of abortion, a decline in the number of illegitimate children adopted, from the peak of more than nineteen thousand in 1968 to nearly nine thousand. In addition, the number of mother and baby homes has declined by almost 72% since 1966. In large part due to the decrease in stigma attached to unmarried infants and increased cohabitation among unmarried couples. There is also an increase in the number of single unmarried moms, up 44% since 1971, with half of all single unmarried mothers being under the age of 25.
1981: The number of births under 16 years fell to the lowest level since 1965.
1983: The number of births for teens has dropped by about one-third since 1971 to more than fifty-four thousand, almost twenty-seven in every thousand. The proportion that occurred outside the marriage increased to 56 percent.
1986: The proportion of married adolescent women has fallen from an 11% peak in 1973 to over 3%. The number of births for teenagers is on the rise, with the proportion of teenage births out of wedlock steadily rising to 69%; in almost one-third of cases, both parents live at the same address at the time of birth.
1990: The number of births under 16 has increased by 10% since 1981.
1996: The number of births for all teens continues to fall, from fifty-four thousand in 1983 to nearly forty-five thousand, a figure of nearly thirty per thousand. The proportion that occurs outside marriage is almost 89%, compared to 36% for women of all ages. However, the number of births occurring under 16 years in England and Wales increased to more than 1,600, the highest level since the early 70s, with 160 others in Scotland.
2001: Census shows that half of all teenagers with children are single parents, 40% live together as a couple, and 10% are married.
2005: There are about forty-five thousand teenage births, with 92% outside marriage. Almost 74% of births outside marriage are registered together with both parents. More than half are at the same address at the time of birth. Birth rate of adolescents 26.3.
The number of teenage births in Scotland has dropped from about five and a half thousand (28.3 per thousand) in 1991 to about four thousand one hundred, a figure of 25.8 per thousand, with 97% going outside marriage.
2008: Number of births for girls under 20 in the UK & amp; Wales is 44,690, a temporary rate of 26.2 per thousand adolescent women in the population. Despite much media attention and public outrage towards the high number of British teenage mothers, the birth rate to teenagers is actually at its lowest level since the mid-1950s.
Trends in teenage pregnancy
The statistics presented here use a girl's age on her pregnancy outcomes (either birth or abortion). This is different from the widely cited used by the UK government to track teenage pregnancy rates, which use a girl's age at conception, unlike pregnancy statistics in other countries. Using pregnancy statistics based on a girl's age on her pregnancy results allows a more meaningful comparison with other countries.
See also
- Prevalence of teen pregnancy, globally.
- UK Pregnancy Advisory Services
References
External links
- Office For National Statistics-Data At Birth
- List of General Offices For Scotland
- Pregnancy Teenagers
- Brook
- Family Planning Association
- English Medical Journal Archive
- Victoria Gillick-Teenage Pregnancies
- Wellings Kaye; Kane Ros (June 1999). "The trend of teenage pregnancy in England and Wales: how can we explain it?". J R Soc Med . 92 (6): 277-82. PMC 1297204 . PMID 10472279.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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