The beagle is a small breed similar in appearance with a much larger foxhound. Beagle dog is a hunting dog, developed primarily for hunting rabbits. With a superior sense of smell and tracking instinct, the beagle is used as a detection dog to ban the import of agriculture and foodstuffs in quarantine around the world. Beagle is smart but single minded. This is a popular pet because of its size, good temperament, and lack of inherited health problems.
Although beagle dogs have existed for 2,500 years, modern breeds were developed in England around the 1830s from several breeds, including Talbot Hound, North Country Beagle, South Hound, and possibly Harrier.
Beagle dogs have been depicted in popular culture since Elizabeth's time in literature and painting, and more recently in movies, television, and comic books. Snoopy of the comic strip Peanuts has been called "the most famous beagle in the world".
Video Beagle
Histori
Dogs of the same size and purpose as modern beagles can be traced in Ancient Greece until about the 5th century BC. Xenophon, born around 430 BC, in his book Treatise on Hunting or Cynegeticus refers to dogs hunting rabbits with scents and followed by walking. Small dogs are mentioned in the Forest Act of Canute which frees them from the rules that all dogs capable of running deer should have one leg mutilated. If authentic, this law would confirm that beagle dogs were present in England before 1016, but it seems the laws were written in the Middle Ages to give a sense of the ancient and traditions of the Forest Law.
In the 11th century, William the Conqueror brought the Talbot dog to England. Talbot is a very white dog, slow, deep-throated, and aromatic sharp that comes from St. Hubert Hound which was developed in the 8th century. At some point, the English Talbot crossed with Greyhound to give them an extra speed turn. Long extinct, the Talbot strain may bring up the Southern Hound which, in turn, is considered the ancestor of a modern beagle.
From medieval times, beagle is used as a general description for smaller dogs, although these dogs are very different from modern breeds. The kind of miniature beagle type dogs known from the days of Edward II and Henry VII, both of which have Glove Beagles wrappers, are so named because they are small enough to fit on gloves, and Queen Elizabeth I continues to breed known as the Beagle Saku, whose height is 8 to 9 inch (20 to 23 cm) across the shoulders. Small enough to put in a "pocket" or saddlebag, they rode on the hunt. The bigger dogs will run its prey to the ground, then the hunters will release the little dogs to continue the hunt through the bushes. Elizabeth I calls the dogs her beagle and often entertains guests at her noble table by letting her horse Pocket Beagles in the middle of their plates and cups. The nineteenth-century sources refer to these breeds in turn and it is possible that the two names refer to the same small varieties. In George Jesse's Research on the History of English Dogs from 1866, the early 17th century poet Gervase Markham was quoted as referring to the beagle as small enough to sit in the hands of a man and to:
a cute little little dog who could be a companion for women, and on the field would walk cunningly like anything, just their very small musick like a reed.
The standard for the Pocket Beagle was made until the end of 1901; this genetic line is now extinct, although modern breeders have sought to create varieties.
In the 18th century, two breeds were developed to hunt for rabbits and rabbits: the South Hound and North Country Beagle (or Northern Hound). The South Hound, a tall and heavy dog ​​with a square head, and long, soft ears, are common from the south of the Trent River and may be closely related to Talbot Hound. Although slow, it has excellent stamina and scaling ability. The North Country Beagle, probably a cross between Talbot and Greyhound branches, grew up mainly in Yorkshire and is common in the northern region. It's smaller than the South Hound, less heavy and with a more pointed snout. It's faster than its southern counterpart but its ability is less developed. As the fox hunt becomes increasingly popular, the number of both types of dogs is reduced. Beagle dogs are crossed with larger offspring such as Stag Hounds to produce a modern Foxhound. Beagle varieties are close to extinction but some farmers in the South ensure the survival of prototype breeds by retaining small rabbit hunting packages.
The development of modern breeds
Reverend Phillip Honeywood set up a beagle package in Essex in the 1830s and it is believed that this package forms the basis for modern breeds. Although details of the lineage are not recorded, it is thought that North Country Beagles and Southern Hounds are highly represented; William Youatt suspects the Harrier forms most of the line of hunting dogs, but Harrier's own origins are unclear. Honeywood's Beagles are small, standing about 10 inches (25 cm) on the shoulders, and clean white according to John Mills (writing at The Sportsman's Library in 1845). Prince Albert and Lord Winterton also have the Beagle package around this time, and royal support has undoubtedly caused some resurgence of interest in this breed, but Mr. Honeywood is considered the best of the three.
Although credited with the development of modern breeds, Honeywood concentrates on producing dogs for hunting and it is left to Thomas Johnson to perfect breeding to produce equally attractive and capable hunters. Two strains were developed: coarse and fine varieties. Rough-coated Batak survived until the early 20th century, and even there was a record of one that made a performance in a dog show at the end of 1969, but this variety is now extinct, probably has been absorbed into the standard beagle lineage.
In the 1840s, standard beagle types began to develop; the difference between North Country Beagle and Southern Hound has been lost, but there is still a huge variation in size, character, and reliability among the packages that appear. In 1856, "Stonehenge" (penned John Henry Walsh), writing in the Manual of British Rural Sports, still divides the beagle into four varieties: the beagle medium; dwarf dog or sheepdog; fox beagles (smaller and slower Foxhound versions); and coarse beagles or terriers, which are classified as crossbreeds between one of the other varieties and one of the Scottish terrier races. Stonehenge also gives the start of a standard description:
In sizes of beagle sizes from 10 inches, or even less, to 15. In their form resembles southern old dogs in miniature, but more neat and beautiful; and they also resemble the dog in a hunting style.
In 1887, the threat of extinction diminished: there were 18 beagle packages in England. The Beagle Club was formed in 1890 and the first standard was prepared at the same time. The following year the Harriers and Beagles Masters Association was formed. Both organizations aim to advance the best interests of breeds, and both want to produce the standard beagle type. In 1902, the number of packages increased to 44.
Export
Beagle dogs were in the United States by the 1840s, but the first dogs were imported strictly to hunt and had variable quality. Since Honeywood had only begun to breed in the 1830s, it is unlikely these dogs represented modern breeds and their descriptions look like straight-legged Dachshunds with weak heads having little resemblance to the standard. A serious effort to build a quality bloodline began in the early 1870s when General Richard Rowett of Illinois imported several dogs from England and began to breed. Rowett's Beagles is believed to have formed a model for the first American standard, composed by Rowett, LH Twadell, and Norman Ellmore in 1887. The Beagle was accepted as a breed by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1885. By the 20th century the breed has spread to the whole world.
Maps Beagle
Popularity
In its formation, the Master Association of Harriers and Beagles took over the regular show in Peterborough which began in 1889, and the Beagle Club in England held its first show in 1896. Regular performances of the breed led to the development of a uniform type, and the beagle continued to prove successful until the outbreak World War I when all events are suspended. After the war, this breed is struggling again to survive in Britain: the last of the Beagles Pockets may disappear during this time, and registrations fall to the lowest point of all time. Some breeders (especially Reynalton Kennels) managed to revive the interest of dogs and in World War II, these breeds once again went well. Registration down again after the end of the war but almost immediately recovered.
As a race dog, beagle dogs are always more popular in the United States and Canada than in their home country, England. The Beagle Club of America National was formed in 1888 and in 1901 a beagle had won the Best in Show title. As in England, activity during World War I was minimal, but this breed showed a much stronger rise in the United States when hostilities ceased. In 1928, he won prizes at the Westminster Kennel Club and in 1939, a beagle - the Meadowlark Draftsman Champion - had won the American dog title that won the best competition for this year. On February 12, 2008, a beagle, K-Run's Park Me In First (Uno), won Best In Show at the Westminster Kennel Club for the first time in the history of the competition. In North America they have been consistently included in the top ten most popular races for over 30 years. From 1953 to 1959, the beagle was No. 1. 1 in the list of registered breeds of the American Kennel Club; in 2005 and 2006 ranked 5 out of 155 registered breeds. In the UK they are not so popular, putting 28 and 30 in the ranking of enrollment with Kennel Club in 2005 and 2006 respectively. In the United States, the beagle is ranked 4th most popular in 2012 and 2013, behind the Labrador Retriever (# 1) race, German Shepherd (# 2) and Golden Retriever (# 3).
Name
According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the first mention of a beagle by name in English literature comes from c. 1475 at The Squire of Low Degree . The origin of the word "beagle" is uncertain, although it has been suggested that the word is derived from the French begueule .
It is not known why the black and brown Kerry Beagle, present in Ireland since the Celtic era, has a beagle description, since at 22 to 24 inches (56 to 61 cm) is significantly higher than that of modern ones. day beagle, and in earlier times even greater. Some authors suggest that the ability of the scorpio beagle may have originated from an earlier cross-breed with Kerry Beagle. Originally used for deer hunting, today it is used for rabbits and hunting.
Appearance
The general appearance of the beagle resembles a miniature Foxhound, but its head is wider and its muzzle is shorter, its expression is completely different and its legs are shorter in proportion to its body. They are generally between 13 and 16 inches (33 and 41 cm) high at the withers and weigh between 18 and 35 pounds (8.2 and 15.9 kg), with women slightly smaller than the average male.
They have a smooth, somewhat dome-shaped skull with a rectangular spout and a black gum nose (sometimes breathtaking). The jaw is strong and the scissor's teeth along with the upper teeth fit perfectly above the lower teeth and the two sets are parallel to the jaw square. His eyes are large, brown or brown, with a bruised look like a little dog. The long ears are long, soft and low, leading to little cheeks and rounded at the tip. Beagle dogs have strong and moderate necks (long enough for them to easily bend to the ground to pick up the scent), with slight creases in the skin but some dewlap evidence; wide chest narrowed to the stomach and tapered waist and long tail, slightly curved (known as "stern") white-tipped. The white tip, known as the flag has been selectively bred for, because it allows the dog to be easily seen when its head is down following the scent. The tail does not bend in the back, but is held upright when the dog is active. The beagle has a muscular body and a long, smooth, hard coat. The forelegs are straight and carried under the body while the hind legs are muscular and well bent in the stifles.
The colorful beagles - white with large black areas and light brown shadows - are the most common. Colorful beagles occur in a number of colors, from "Tri Classic" to saddle black saddles (also known as "Blackback"), to "Dark Tri" (where brown marks mix with more prominent black marks), to "Faded Tri "(where the black marks dimmed mixed with the more prominent brown marks). Some tricolored dogs have a broken pattern, sometimes referred to as pied . These dogs mostly have white skin with black and brown haircuts. Tricolor beagles are almost always born black and white. The white area is usually set by eight weeks, but the black area may fade to brown as an adult puppy. (Chocolate may take between one and two years to flourish completely.) Some bead dogs gradually change color during their lifetime, and may lose their black marks completely.
Two varieties of color always have a white base color with a second color area. Tan and white are the most common two-color varieties, but there are a variety of other colors including lemon, a very light brown color; red, reddish, almost orange, brown; and liver, darker brown, and black. Hearts are not common and are not allowed in some standards; it tends to happen with yellow eyes. Check or stripes of varieties can be either white or black with different colored spots ( beats ), such as blue-specked or bluetick beagles, which have spots that appear to be midnight colors -blue, similar to the Bluetick Coonhound coloring. Some tricolor beagles also have different colors in their white areas.
Sense of smell
In addition to Bloodhound and Basset Hound, hunting dogs have the most developed sense of smell of dogs. In the 1950s, John Paul Scott and John Fuller began a 13-year study of dog behavior. As part of this study, they tested the scenting ability of various breeds by putting the mouse on a single acre course and determining the time it takes the dog to find it. The beagle found it in less than a minute, while the Fox Terrier took 15 minutes and the Scottish Terrier dog failed to find it at all. Beagles are better on the ground-scenting (than trailing on the ground) than they are on air-scenting, and for this reason they have been excluded from the mountain rescue teams that most favor collies, who use visions other than air-scenting and are more negotiable. The long ears and large lips of the beagle may help trap the scent close to the nose.
Variations
Breed Varieties
The American Kennel Club recognizes two separate types of beagles: 13 inches for dogs less than 13 inches (33 cm), and 15 inches for those between 13 and 15 inches (33 and 38 cm). The Canadian Kennel Club recognizes a single type, with a height not exceeding 15 inches (38 cm). The Kennel Club Club (UK) and the FCI affiliate club recognize one type, with a height between 13 and 16 inches (33 and 41 cm).
English and American varieties are sometimes mentioned. However, there is no official recognition from the Kennel Club for this distinction. American Kennel Club standard fitting beagles - which prohibit animals over 15 inches (38 cm) - are smaller than the Kennel Club standard rated average of up to 16 inches (41 cm).
Pocket Beagles are sometimes advertised for sale but while the UK Kennel Club originally set the standard for Pocket Beagle in 1901, this variety is now not recognized by the Kennel Club.
A strain known as Patch Hounds was developed by Willet Randall and his family from 1896 specifically for their rabbit hunting ability. They track their lineage back to the Champion Field Patch, but not always have a patchwork mark.
Crossbreeds
In the 1850s, Stonehenge recommended a cross between a Beagle and a Scottish Terrier dog as a retriever. He found a cross to be a good worker, silent and obedient, but it had the disadvantage that it was small and could barely carry a rabbit.
Recently the trend has been for "designer dog" and one of the most popular is the Beagle/Pug cross which is known as Puggle. Some puppies of this cross are less profitable than Beagle and with lower training requirements, similar to Pug's parents; but many are very passionate and need strong training.
Temperament
Beagle dogs have grumpy and gentle nature. Described in some breed standards as "carefree", they are friendly and usually not aggressive or shy, although this depends on the individual. They enjoy the company, and although initially they may be arrogant with strangers, they are easy to win. They make poor guard dogs for this reason, although their tendency to bark or howl when faced with the unknown makes them a good watch dog. In a 1985 study conducted by Ben and Lynette Hart, the beagle was rated the highest stimulus, along with the Yorkshire Terrier, the Cairn Terrier, the Miniature Schnauzer, the West Highland White Terrier and the Fox Terrier.
The beagle is intelligent but, since it is raised for a long, single-minded and determined pursuit, which can make them difficult to train. They can be hard to remember once they take the scent, and are easily distracted by the smell around them. They generally do not appear in compliance tests; while they are alert, respond well to feeding training, and are eager to please, they are easily bored or distracted. They are ranked 72nd in Stanley Coren Dog Intelligence , because Coren puts them among the group with the lowest level of job intelligence/obedience. The Coren scale, however, does not assess understanding, independence, or creativity.
Very good beagle dogs with children and this is one of the reasons they become a popular family pet. But since beagles are rodents, they are vulnerable to break-ups, a condition that causes them to destroy objects when left unattended. Not all beagles will howl, but most will bark when faced with strange situations, and some dogs will be shaken (also called "speaking", "giving tongue", or "opening") as they capture the scent of mine potential. They also generally get along well with other dogs. They are not very demanding in terms of practice; Their innate stamina means that they do not get tired easily while exercising, but they also do not need to be worked up until fatigue before they rest. Regular exercise helps ward off weight gain where breeds are vulnerable.
Health
The typical beagle's longevity is 12-15 years old, which is a common lifespan for their size dogs.
Beagles may be prone to epilepsy, but these can often be controlled with medication. Hypothyroidism and some types of dwarfism occur in beagles. Two conditions are particularly unique to the type: "Cute Puppy", in which puppies are slow to develop and eventually develop weak legs, crooked backs and although usually healthy, susceptible to various diseases; Hip dysplasia, common in Harriers and in some larger breeds, is rarely considered a problem in beagles. Beagles are considered to be chondrodystrophic breed, meaning that they are susceptible to this type of disk disease.
In rare cases, beagles can develop immune mediated immune arthritis (in which the immune system attacks the joints) even at a young age. Symptoms can sometimes be reduced by steroid therapy. Another rare disease that breeds is neonatal cerebral cortical degeneration. Affected puppies are slow, have lower coordination, fall more often and do not have normal gait. It has an estimated transport rate of 5% and a 0.1% affected rate. Genetic testing is available.
Their long floppy ears can mean that the inner ear does not receive large airflow or that moist air becomes trapped, and this can cause ear infections. Beagles can also be affected by various eye problems; two common ophthalmic conditions in beagles are glaucoma and corneal dystrophy. "Cherry Eye", a prolapse of the third eyelid gland, and distichiasis, a condition in which the lashes grow into the eye causes irritation, sometimes there; both of these conditions can be corrected by surgery. They can suffer some type of retinal atrophy. Failure of the nasolacrimal drainage system may cause dry eyes or tear leak to the face.
As a field dog they are susceptible to minor injuries such as injuries and sprains, and, if not active, obesity is a common problem as they will eat whenever food is available and rely on the owner to regulate their weight. When working or running free they also tend to take parasites such as ticks, lice, harvest mites, and tapeworms, and irritants such as grass seeds can be trapped in the eyes, soft ears, or claws.
Beagles can exhibit a behavior known as reverse sneezing, in which they sound as if they are choking or panting, but actually draw the air through the mouth and nose. The exact cause of this behavior is unknown, but it can be a common occurrence and not harmful to dogs.
Hunting
Beagle dogs are developed primarily for hunting rabbits, an activity known as beagling. They are seen as ideal hunting companions for the elderly who can follow horseback without deploying themselves, for young hunters who can follow them with horses, and for the poorer hunters who are unable to keep a stable hunting horse. Before the advent of the 19th century animal-hunting mode, hunting was a daily occasion in which pleasure comes from pursuing rather than killing. In this arrangement, a small beagle is perfect for rabbits, because unlike Harriers, they will not quickly complete the hunt, but because of their amazing tracking ability and stamina, they are almost guaranteed to catch a rabbit. The beagle package will run close together ("so close that they may be covered with a sheet") which is useful in long hunting, as it prevents stray dogs from blurring the trail. In thick bushes they also prefer spaniels when hunting pheasants.
With the mode to hunt faster, the beagle is disliked as it pursues the rabbit, but is still used for hunting rabbits. In Anecdot Dog (1846), Edward Jesse says:
In the shooting of rabbits, in gorse and thick cover, nothing is more cheerful than the beagle. They are also easily heard in long distances and in thick cover. They have been called beagle rabbits from this job, where they are particularly qualified, especially those who are rather haired.
In the United States they seem to have been hired primarily to hunt rabbits from the earliest imports. Hunting rabbits with beagle dogs became popular again in the UK in the mid-19th century and continued until it was made illegal in Scotland by the Wild Mammal Protection (Scotland) Act 2002 and in England and Wales by the Hunting Act 2004. Under this dog legislation beagle can still chase the rabbit with permission of the land owner. Drag hunting is very popular where hunting is no longer allowed or for owners who do not want to participate in live animal hunting, but still want to practice their innate dog skills.
Traditional foot packs consist of up to 40 beagles, mated by Huntsman who directs the pack and are assisted by a number of whippers-in variables whose job is to return the wild dogs to the pack. The Master of the Hunt is overall responsible for the package, and may or may not take on Huntsman's role on the day of the hunt.
Because hunting with beagles looks ideal for young people, many British public schools have traditionally maintained beagle packages. The protest was filed against the use of beagle by Eton to hunt as early as 1902 but the package still exists today, and a pack used by Imperial College in Wye, Kent was stolen by the Animal Liberation Front in 2001. School and university packages still exist. managed by Eton, Marlborough, Wye, Radley, Royal Agricultural University and Christ Church, Oxford.
In addition to organized beagling, beagle dogs have been used for hunting or watering into weapons (often in pairs) various games including snowshoe rabbits, cottontail rabbits, game birds, deer roe, red deer, jungle cats, jungle, wild boar and foxes, and even have been recorded as being used to hunt mink. In most of these cases, beagles are used as gun puppets, hijacking games for hunting weapons.
Detect
The beagle dog was used as a detection dog in the Beagle Brigade of the United States Department of Agriculture. These dogs are used to detect food items in luggage brought to the United States. After testing a few breeds, beagle dogs are chosen because they are relatively small and not intimidated for uncomfortable people around the dog, easy to care for, smart and work well for gifts. They are also used for this purpose in a number of other countries including by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in New Zealand, the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, and in Canada, Japan and the People's Republic of China. Larger breeds are generally used to detect explosives as these often involve climbing over luggage and on large conveyor belts, working for smaller beagles does not fit.
Test
Beagle dogs are the most commonly used breeds in animal testing, due to their size and their passive nature. Beagle dogs are used in a variety of research procedures: fundamental biological research, human medicine treatment, veterinary medicine, and human, animal or environmental protection. Of the 8,018 dogs used in testing in the UK in 2004, 7,799 were beagles (97.3%). In the UK, the Animal Act (1986 Scientific Procedure) granted special status to primates, equids, cats and dogs and in 2005 the Animal Procedures Committee (established by law) ruled that testing in rats was preferred, albeit larger numbers of the individual animals involved. In 2005 beagle dogs involved less than 0.3% of total animal experiments in the UK, but from 7670 trials were conducted on dogs involving 7406 beagles (96.6%). Most dogs are bred specifically for this purpose, by companies like Harlan. In the UK animal breeding companies for research should be licensed under the Animal Law (Scientific Procedure).
Testing of cosmetic products in animals is prohibited in member countries of the European Community, although France protests against the ban and has sought to revoke it. This is permitted in the United States but is not mandatory if safety can be ascertained by other methods, and the test species is not specified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). When testing the toxicity of food additives, food contaminants, and some drugs and chemicals, the FDA uses beagles and mini pigs as a substitute for direct testing in humans. Minnesota is the first state to enact Beagle freedom adoption legislation in 2014, requiring dogs and cats to be allowed to be adopted once they are done with research testing.
The anti-vivisection group has reported animal abuse within the test facility. In 1997, a recording quietly filmed by a freelance journalist in Huntingdon Life Sciences in England showed staff punching and shouting at a beagle dog. Consort Kennels, a British beagle rancher for testing, closed in 1997 after pressure from animal rights groups.
Other roles
Although bred for hunting, Beagles is versatile and is currently used for a variety of other roles in detection, therapy, and as a family pet.
Beagle dogs are used as sniffer dogs to detect termites in Australia, and have been mentioned as possible candidates for detecting drugs and explosives. Due to its gentle nature and invisible body shape, they are also often used in pet therapy, visiting sick and elderly people in the hospital. In June 2006, a trained Beagle help dog was credited with saving the owner's life after using his owner's cell phone to dial emergency numbers. After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Beagle search and rescue dogs with a Colombian rescue squad is credited with placing owner HÃÆ'Â'tel Montana, who was later rescued after spending 100 hours buried in the wreckage. Beagles are employed by New York City to help detect bedbugs, while the role of these dogs in this type of detection may have doubts.
In popular culture
Beagles have been featured in various media. References to dogs appeared before the 19th century in the works of authors such as William Shakespeare, John Webster, John Dryden, Thomas Tickell, Henry Fielding, and William Cowper, and Alexander Pope's translation of Homer Iliad . Beagles appeared in a comic animal comic and an animated cartoon of the 1950s with Courage the Cowardly Dog and Snoopy's Peanuts character called the "world's most famous Beagle".
Former US President Lyndon Baines Johnson has several beagles, and caused criticism when he took one of them through his ears during his official speech on the White House lawn. The ship where Charles Darwin made an inspiring voyage for the On Origin of Species was named HMS Beagle after the breed, and, in turn, lent a name to the ill-fated British Martian immigrants > Beagle 2 . A 15-inch Canadian grown Beagle with the registered name Gr Ch Tashtins Lookin For Trouble and the pet's name "Miss P" won the 2015 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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