Lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders ( LGBT ) in South Korea face legal and discriminatory challenges that non- LGBT. Male and female sexual activity is legal in South Korea. Marriages or other forms of legal partnerships are not available for same-sex couples.
Homosexuality in South Korea is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution of South Korea or in the Civil Code. Article 31 of the Law of the National Commission on Human Rights states that "no individual is discriminated against on the basis of his sexual orientation." However, Article 92 of the Military Criminal Code, currently under legal challenges, selects sexual intercourse between same-sex members as "sexual harassment", which can be punished up to one year in prison. The Military Criminal Code makes no distinction between consensual and non-consensual crimes and the consensual relationship names between adult homosexuals as "mutual rape" (Hangul: Ã, ? ? ; Hanja: Ã, ???? ). But the military court ruled in 2010 that the law is illegal, saying that homosexuality is a very personal matter. This ruling was submitted to the South Korean Constitutional Court, which has yet to make a decision.
Transgender people are allowed to perform sex change operations in Korea after the age of 20, and can change their gender information on official documents. Harisu was Korea's first transgender entertainer, and in 2002 became the second person in South Korea to legally change the sexes.
General awareness of homosexuality remains low amongst Korean society to date, with increasing awareness and debate coming to this issue, as well as gay-themed entertainment in the media and recognizable figures and celebrities, such as Hong Seok-cheon, who go out in public.. But Korean gays and lesbians still face difficulties at home and work, and many choose not to reveal their identity to their family, friends or co-workers.
In August 2017, the Supreme Court ordered the Government to allow "Beyond the Rainbow", an LGBT rights foundation, to register as a charity with the Ministry of Justice. Without official registration, the foundation can not accept tax deductible donations and operate in full compliance with the law.
Video LGBT rights in South Korea
Histori
Covering all sources, homosexuality has never been illegal in South Korea in history.
Although there is very little mention of homosexuality in Korean literature or traditional historical records, some members of Buddhist nobility and monks have been known to either acknowledge their attraction to same-sex members or actively engage with them.
In the Goryeo dynasty, King Mokjong (980-1009) and King Gongmin (1325-1374) from Goryeo were both listed as storing some of the wonchung ("lover boys") in their court as "minor-servant maids "( chajewhi ) serving as sexual partners. After the death of his wife, King Gongmin went even further to create a ministry whose sole purpose was to seek and recruit young people from across the country to serve in his palace.
During the Joseon Era prior to the Japanese annexation there were travel theater groups known as namsandang that included the underage men called midong (beautiful boys). The group provides "various types of entertainment, including band music, songs, mask dance, circus, and doll games," sometimes with graphical representations of same-sex relationships.
Maps LGBT rights in South Korea
Recognition of same-sex relations
Same-sex marriage and civil unions are not legally recognized in South Korea.
In October 2014, several members of the Democratic Party introduced to the National Assembly a bill to legalize the partnership.
In July 2015, actor Kim Jho Gwangsoo and his partner Kim Seung-Hwan filed a lawsuit seeking legal status for their marriage. The lawsuit was rejected by the Seoul Western District Court in May 2016 and by an appeals court in December 2016. The lawsuit is currently before the Supreme Court.
In January 2018, LGBT activists expressed hope that the draft constitution, which should be ready by June 2018, will include the legalization of same-sex marriage. The South Korean Constitution Amendment requires a two-thirds majority in Parliament.
Protection of discrimination
The Law of the National Commission on Human Rights , enacted in 2001, established the Korea National Commission on Human Rights (NHRCK). Under South Korean law, NHRCK is an independent commission to protect, advocate and promote human rights. The National Human Rights Commission Act explicitly incorporates sexual orientation as an anti-discrimination foundation. When discriminatory action is found to have taken place, the Korea National Human Rights Commission may investigate such action and recommend relief, disciplinary action or report it to the authorities.
However, South Korea's anti-discrimination law does not prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. In 2013, a bill to include sexual orientation, religion and political ideology into the country's anti-discrimination laws was introduced. This gets fierce opposition from conservative groups. A poll of 2014 found that 85% of South Koreans believe that gays should be protected from discrimination.
Currently, 12 local governments in South Korea have enacted various anti-bullying and anti-discrimination laws covering sexual orientation. The following jurisdictions have all passed a law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation of the local population:
- Seoul has banned discrimination on grounds set forth in the National Human Rights Commission Act since 2012. In addition, Seoul law on protection of children and adolescents prohibits bullying above basic sexual orientation and gender identity. Both laws have received opposition from conservative groups, calling for their withdrawal. They also organized public campaigns, where they called gay "wild animals", and public parades that supported the repeal of the law. Some opponents argue that laws are "heresies" and "encourage homosexuality" because they include religion and sexual orientation as a basis of non-discrimination.
- South Gyeongsang Province
- Dong District, Daejeon
- Nam District, Busan
- Buk District, Busan
- Suyeong District, Busan
- Haeundae District, Busan
- Yeonje District, Busan
- Eunpyeong District, Seoul
- Buk District, Ulsan
- Jung District, Ulsan
North Jeolla Province prohibits bullying of children on the basis of sexual orientation and towards "sexual minorities" by January 2013.
In addition, various other laws have protection for "sexual minorities". Police officers and Coast Guard personnel are prohibited from carrying LGBT people from their own will.
Military services
Military service is mandatory for all male citizens in South Korea. Registrants are recruited through the Military Manpower Administration (MMA: Korea: ??? ) who administers "psychological tests" at the time of enrollment that includes some questions about the registrant's sexual preferences.. Members of the homosexual military in active duty are categorized as having "personality disorder" or "behavioral disability" and may be institutionalized or dismissed disrespectfully. The current lawsuit prior to the South Korean Constitutional Court. In 2017, Amnesty International accused the military of involvement in "gay hunting" to expose and punish gay personnel, including punishing a gay soldier for up to six months in jail for having sex with fellow gay soldiers in a private venue.
Transgender rights
The South Korean Supreme Court has ruled that in order for a person to be eligible for a sex change operation they must be over 20 years of age, single and without children. In the case of gender-assigned MTF (Male-to-Female) gender-assignment operations, the person must prove issues related to a well-resolved or serviced draft. However, on June 22, 2006, the Supreme Court ruled that transgender individuals who have undergone successful sex change surgery are entitled to declare their new sex in all legal documents. This includes the right to request their gender-on-file corrections on all public and government records such as census registration. In March 2013, the Seoul Western District Court ruled that five female-to-male transgender men could be registered as men without sex-change operations. On February 16, 2017, the Cheongju District Court ruled that a male-female transgender could be registered as a woman without a sex-change operation, marking the first time the court allowed it to happen.
Blood donor
South Korea forbids people who have sex in the past year to donate blood. These rules apply equally to people who are straight, gay and bisexual.
Conversion therapy
According to a 2016 survey, 16.1% of outgoing LGBT people are advised to undergo conversion therapy. Of these, 65.4% said it had a negative impact on their lives, with 94% experiencing psychological trauma.
Housing conditions
The Korean word for "homosexual" is Dongseongaeja (Hangul: Ã, ???? ; Hanja: Ã, ???? , "same-sex lover"). The less politically correct term is Dongseongyeonaeja ("?????" ?????). Yet homosexuals of South Korea often use the term ibanin ("???"; "???" also "???") which can be translated as "different person types", and is usually abbreviated as iban ("??"; "??"). The word is a direct game on the word ilban-in (??? ;??) meaning "normal person" or "ordinary person". In addition, the English word loan is used in South Korea to describe LGBTQ people. These words are simple transliterations of English words to hangeul: lesbians are lejeubieon or yeoseongae (????/??? ;;?), gay is gei or namseongae (??/??? ;;?), queer is kuieo (??), and transgender is teuraenseujendeo (?????). Bisexual is "yangseongaeja" (????; ????). In 2013, male bisexuality is only studied once in this country.
Homosexuality remains largely taboo in South Korean society. This lack of visibility is also reflected in the low profile managed by some gay clubs in South Korea. There are some in the metropolitan area, mostly in Itaewon's overseas sector (especially in the section known as "Homo-hill"). However, Jong-ro has been known to serve non-Western customers and has a variety of gay-friendly stores, cafes and gay-focused NGOs. A new 2017 study mocks the growth of the gay life style community in Jong-no - a popular area of ​​Seoul - where LGBT individuals feel safe in semi-heteronomative places. Although this research only sees the famous cafe, the famous Gay Bean, there are many other places in Jong-no area that are considered straight but growing more and more welcome from individuals who are not straight.
In recent years, the combination of taboo, consumer capitalism, and gay-explication gentrification (the so-called "gaytrification" effect) of the Itaewon region has encouraged the commercialization of new gays outside Itaewon, while isolating the remaining places.
Opposition to LGBT rights comes largely from the country's Christian sectors (notably Protestantism). In recent years, partly due to increased support for homosexuality and same-sex relations of South Korean society in general, conservative groups have organized public events and parades against LGBT rights, as well as counter-protests to the pride parade, usually with signs of LGBT people urging to "repent of their sins". The parade has been attended by thousands and by various politicians.
Media
The first South Korean gay-themed magazine, Buddy , was launched in 1998 and several popular gay-themed ads were also broadcast.
Opening the road for television is South Korea's 2005 film The King and the Clown, a gay-themed movie based on court matters between a king and his male clown. The film became the best-selling film in Korean film history, surpassing both Silmido and Taegukgi. Korean title for The King and the Clown is "?? ??" which is translated as "The King's Man " with the implication that it refers to the man as the King's lover. Other recent films include the 2008 film A Frozen Flower (Korean: ??? ) and No Regret (Korean: ???? ?? ) by renowned director Leesong hee-il (Korean: ???? ), starring 2006 Busan International Film Festival.
Mainstream Korean television shows have begun to feature gay characters and themes. In 2010, the soap opera Life Is Beautiful (Korean: ?????? ) aired on the SBS broadcast TV, becoming the first premiere-time drama to explore the relationship of gay men as their family unknowingly set up a date with women. In the same year, Personal Taste (Korean: ???? , also "Personal Preferences") was broadcast on MBC and revolved around men straight who pretends to be gay to be a roommate. Prior to this was Coming Out , which debuted on cable TVN channel late in the night in 2008, where a gay actor and actress immediately advised gays by publicly acknowledging their sexual orientation.
Openly, LGBT entertainment figures include the model and actress Harisu, a trans woman who often appears on television. Actor Hong Seok-cheon, after leaving in 2000 and fired from his job since returning to his acting career. He has appeared in several debate programs to support gay rights.
Popular actor Kim Ji-hoo, who is gay openly, hanged himself on October 8, 2008. Police linked his suicide to public prejudice against homosexuality.
"The Daughters of Bilitis" a KBS Drama Special on the lives of lesbian women, aired on August 7, 2011. As soon as it aired, the internet message boards came on with angry protesters threatening to boycott the network. The production crew ends up closing the online re-run service within four days of the broadcast.
"XY She," a KBS Joy cable talk show about transgender MTF individuals, was almost canceled after its first episode because of public opposition. The network expressed concern over attacks on MC and other cast members as the official reason for the cancellation.
In 2013, film director Kim Jho Kwang-soo and his partner Kim Seung-hwan became the first South Korean gay couple to marry openly, though it was not a legally recognized marriage.
In 2016, a Christian broadcasting company was approved by Korea's Standard Communication Commission to broadcast an anti-LGBTI interview on a radio program, in which the interviewee claimed that, if "anti-discrimination legislation for LGBTI people" was passed, "pedophilia, bestiality , etc. will be legalized "and that South Korea" will be infected with unspeakable diseases like AIDS ".
In 2017, the Method movie is released. The film talks about a gay relationship between an actor and an idol.
In January 2018, the Dutch singer became the first K-pop idol openly in South Korea to debut, releasing his song "Neverland".
Pride parade
In July 2017, about 85,000 people marched on the streets of Seoul to support LGBT rights. The event was first held in 2000 and the number of voters has increased every year since then. By 2016, there are 50,000 attendees.
Daegu has held its annual pride parade since 2009, and Busan held its first pride event on September 23, 2017. Gwangju also held its first pride event in 2017.
Public Opinion
South Korea has become much more accepting of LGBT homosexuality and rights in 2010 and decades ahead, even if conservative attitudes remain dominant. A 2013 Gallup poll found that 39% of people believe that homosexuality should be accepted by society, compared to only 18% holding this view in 2007. South Korea recorded the most significant change towards greater acceptance of homosexuality among 39 countries surveyed in the whole world. Significantly there is a very large age difference in this issue: by 2013, 71% of South Koreans aged between 18 and 29 believe that homosexuality should be accepted, compared to only 16% of South Koreans aged 50 and older.
In April 2013, the Gallup poll, commissioned by conservative Christian groups, found that 25% of South Koreans favor same-sex marriage, while 67% are against it and 8% do not know or answer. However, the Ipsos May 2013 poll found that 26% of respondents supported same-sex marriage and 31% supported other forms of recognition for same-sex couples.
A December 2017 poll by Gallup for MBC and National Assembly chairman reported that 41% of South Koreans thought that same-sex marriage should be allowed, 52% opposed it.
Politics
Political support for LGBT rights is limited in South Korea due to the significant lobbying power afforded by conservative Christian groups. Support for LGBT rights is limited even in the progressively nominal Korean Democratic Party and its leader, former human rights lawyer and South Korean President Moon Jae-in. During the 2017 presidential election, where he emerged victorious, Moon stated that he opposed homosexuality and that gay soldiers could damage the Korean military. Moon faces criticism from gay rights advocates for his inconsistent position on minority rights, given that he is ready to step down from previous support for civil union and sacrificing LGBT rights to win votes from conservative Christian voters. Months later said that he opposed same-sex marriage while also opposing discrimination against homosexuals. Only one of the 14 presidential candidates by 2017, Sim Sang-jung of the Justice Party, expresses clear support for LGBT rights and introduces discriminatory protection for LGBT people.
Sensor issues
The South Korean government practiced censorship of gay content sites from 2001 to 2003 through the Communications and Information Communications Committee ( (????????), the official organ of the Ministry of Information and Communication. behind.
Summary table
See also
- Human Rights in South Korea
- LGBT Rights in Asia
- Yun Hyon-seok
References
External links
- Buddy, Korean LGBT Magazine
- Chingusai, one of the oldest gay men's organizations in Korea
- Korean Queer Cultural Festival
- Korean Culture and Sexual Minority Rights Center
- Korean LGBT Solidarity for Human Rights
- RAinbowTEEN (Rateen), Teen Sexual Minority Community
- Lesbian Counseling Center in South Korea
Articles
- From 50 to 1,500: The Korean Queer Culture Festival was changed 10 times by Matt Kelley Fridae.com. June 16, 2009
- Establishment of Korean transactions by Matt Kelley and Mike Lee Fridae.com. May 29, 2009
- The deadly reality of the virtual world of South Korea by Matt Kelley and Mike Lee Fridae.com. October 17, 2008
- 2 gay openly, South Korean trans acts committed suicide by Matt Kelley Fridae.com. October 9, 2008
- Spring forecast in Seoul: More visibility for Korean domestic workers by Matt Kelley Fridae.com. June 3, 2008
- South Korea sees first gay politicians openly, but challenges continue for the lesbian nation by Matt Kelley Fridae.com. March 18, 2008
- The Seoul police are out, against prejudice by Fridae.com's News Editor. January 11, 2008
- Exclusion from non-discrimination bill mobilizes Korean LGBT community by Matt Kelley Fridae.com. November 23, 2007
- LGBT film festival Seoul 2007, 6 to 10 June by Fridae.com News Editor. June 6, 2007
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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