A baby hatch or baby box is a place where people (usually mothers) can carry babies, usually newborns, and leave them anonymously in a safe place to be found and treated. This sort of arrangement was common in the Middle Ages and in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was known as the wheel ran aground . The saw saw was not used in the late nineteenth century but the modern form, the baby hatch, was introduced again from 1952 and since 2000 has begun to be used in many countries, especially in Germany, where there are about 100 holds and in Pakistan where there are more than 300 now.
This Palka is known in the German-speaking countries as the Babyklappe (baby hatching or packing), Babyfenster (baby window) or Babywiege (baby crib) ; in Italian as Culla per la vita (cradle of life); in Sicily as la ruota (wheels); in Japanese as Akachan posuto ( ??????? , baby postbox) ; in Chinese as ????? (Pinyin: Y? Ng'ÃÆ' Â © r? NquÃÆ'¡nd? O ; literally: "baby safety island") and in Poland as Okno? Ycia (the window of life) and in South Africa was originally known as a "hole in the wall" by the Children's Mission of Hope. Palka is usually in hospitals, social centers, or churches, and consists of doors or covers on the outer walls that open onto a cushioned bed, heated or at least isolated. Sensors in bed today alert guards when babies have been put in them so they can come and take care of the child. In Germany, the baby was first treated for eight weeks in which the mother may return and claim her child without any legal effect. If this does not happen, after eight weeks the child is prepared for adoption.
Video Baby hatch
History
Baby hatching has existed in one form or another for centuries. This system was very common in the middle ages. Of the first 1198 wheels found ( ruota dei trovatelli ) were used in Italy; Pope Innocent III decided that this should be installed in homes for sons so that women could leave their children in secret instead of killing them, a practice that is evident from the many drowning babies found on the Tiber River. Wheel wheel is a set of upright cylinders on the outside wall of the building, rather like a revolving door. Mom puts the child inside the cylinder, turns it around so the baby is inside the church, and then rings the bell to alert the nannies. One example of this type that can still be seen today is at the hospital of St. Spirito in the Vatican City; this wheel was installed in the middle ages and was used until the 19th century.
In Hamburg, Germany, a Dutch merchant set up a wheel ( Drehladen ) in an orphanage in 1709. It was closed after just five years in 1714 because the number of babies left there was too high for an orphanage to deal financially. Other wheels are known to have existed in Kassel (1764) and Mainz (1811).
In France, the jumper wheel (tours d'abandon , wheel of neglect) was introduced by Saint Vincent de Paul who built the first tenement in 1638 in Paris. The buckling wheels were legalized in the imperial decree on January 19, 1811, and at its peak there were 251 in France, according to author Anne Martin-Fugier. They are in a hospital like the Hôlé'pital des Enfants-TrouvÃÆ'Â © s (Experienced Children's Hospital) in Paris. However, the number of children remaining there increased to tens of thousands per year, as a result of the desperate economic situation at the time, and in 1863 they were closed and replaced by "admissions offices" where mothers could hand over their children anonymously but also can receive suggestions. The tour d'abandon was officially abolished in the law of 27 June 1904. Today in France, women are allowed to give birth anonymously in hospital ( accouchement sous X ) and leave the baby there.
In Brazil and Portugal, the jumper wheel ( wheel dos expostos/enjeitados , literally "wheel for the affected/rejected") was also used after Queen Mary I proclaimed on May 24, 1783, that all cities must have a hospital. One such example was a wheel mounted at the Santa Casa de Misericordia hospital in SÃÆ'Â £ Paulo on July 2, 1825. It was not used on June 5, 1949, declared incompatible with modern social systems. after a five-year debate. A Brazilian film on this subject, Roda Dos Expostos , directed by Maria EmÃÆ'lia de Azevedo, won the award for "Best Photography" at the Festival de Gramado in 2001.
In the UK and Ireland, children are found in orphanages financed by the Poor Taxes. The home to founders in London was founded in 1741; in Dublin, the Hospital and the Foundling Hospital installed the steering wheel in 1730, as excerpts from the Governor's Governor's Minute Book that year showed:
- "Armach's Arm, Primate of All-Ireland, is in the chair, ordering that the wheel-wheel, or conveniency for taking the children, is provided near the gates of the social house; , day or night, a child may be lying in it, to be taken by officers from the house. "
The steering wheel in Dublin was not used in 1826 when Dublin hospital was closed due to the high rate of death of children there.
Maps Baby hatch
Modern examples
The first modern baby hatchery in South Africa was in July 1999 and was installed by the Door of Hope Children Mission at a small missionary church in Berea in Johannesburg. In 1999, the pastor, Cheryl Allen, and the deacon studied with deep sadness that a large number of newborns were abandoned. Reverend Allen realizes that many of these desperate women and girls may act differently if there are other alternatives. Churches make holes in their walls and "cribs" are installed allowing mothers to leave their babies anytime, day or night. When an infant is placed in a "baby bin" care worker in charge of receiving electronic signals reminding them. The baby was taken and the anonymity of the "donors" was confirmed. Baby M is the first baby to come through "baby bin", arriving on October 3, 1999. To date (2013) Door of Hope has received more than 1300 babies. 148 have come through "baby bin" but mostly come from hospitals, police or community members and some babies have even been taken personally by mothers.
The second modern baby hatch in Germany was installed in Hamburg's Altona district on April 11, 2000, after a series of cases in 1999 where children were abandoned and found dead from exposure. It consists of a warm bed where the child can be placed from outside the building. After a short delay to allow the person leaving the child to leave anonymously, a silent alarm departs that reminds the staff. In 2010, 38 babies had been left in the "Findelbaby" babies in Hamburg, 14 of which were later reclaimed by their mothers.
The Edhi Foundation in Pakistan offers a similar system.
Reasons to use baby hatching
One of the reasons why many babies are abandoned, especially in the past, is because they were born out of wedlock. Today, baby hatching is more often meant for use by mothers who are unable to cope with babysitting their own children and do not want to divulge their identities. In some countries, it is unlawful for mothers to give birth anonymously in hospitals, and baby hatching is the only way they can safely and quietly leave their child to be cared for by others. In India and Pakistan, the purpose of baby hatching is to provide an alternative to female infanticide, which occurs due to socioeconomic factors including the expensive dowry.
Legal aspects
Some legal issues with infant hatching are connected with children's right to know their own identity, as guaranteed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child chapter 8. But this presupposes their inherent right to life guaranteed by Article 6. The baby hatch also removes the father from his right to find out what had happened to his son, even though boy DNA tests seem to offer partial solutions.
Austria
In Austria, the law of treating babies found in babies hatches as children. The local social services office for children and adolescents (Jugendwohlfahrt ) takes care of the child during the first six months and then is given for adoption. Women have the right to give birth anonymously since 2001.
Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Social Affairs confirmed in 2006 that hatching babies are legal under Czech law. Contrary to this, in March 2006, Colonel Anna Piskova, a police officer, said on Czech television that the police would be looking for mothers of abandoned children. The head of the Czech baby hatching organization, Statim, Ludvik Hess, complained about this statement and was officially supported by the Save the Children Foundation. Until September 2013, there are 57 babies hatching in the country, mostly in big cities. So far, they have helped rescue 92 children. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has questioned the legality of baby boxes, criticized the large number of children's group homes and claimed the boxes infringe on the rights of children. Czech Internet news server novinky.cz has reported that the United Nations wants to ban babies from hatching in the Czech Republic.
French
In France, the Vichy government adopted the September 2, 1941 Legislative Decree on the Protection of Birth that enabled children to be born anonymously. This law, slightly modified, became a modern right to anonymous birth (s) acknowledged under the French Social and Family Action Act (Art. 222-6). This includes children up to the age of one year. In 2003, the European Court of Human Rights upheld this law, stating that it did not violate the European Convention on Human Rights.
German
In Germany, the infant hatching system is only adjacent to the law; usually a mother who abandoned her child to commit a crime. However, according to German social laws, parents are allowed to leave their child in third party responsibility for eight weeks, for example if the parent has to go to the hospital. After eight weeks, the youth welfare office should be called.
German law considers the babies left in the nursery to hatch as if they were left in the hands of a third party. This gap is highly controversial because there are several cases in Germany where baby hatching has been used to leave children with disabilities or babies who are three months old. Several attempts have been made to clarify the legal basis for baby hatching and how to treat the remaining children in it, but until now the situation has not been clearly defined.
Japanese
In Japan, leaving a baby is usually sentenced to five years in prison. In 2006 officials at Jikei Hospital applied to the Kumamoto prefectural government, Kumamoto city and other offices before opening the baby hold were notified that it would not be counted as a waiver, since the infant was under the protection of the hospital. However, Japan's health, workforce and welfare ministry will not comment on the issue, other than saying that there is no precedent.
Malta
- Savona-Ventura, Charles (2015). Medical Science Knight Hospitaller in Malta [1530-1798] . Lulu. pp. 67-121. ISBN: 132648222X. Belgium
In Belgium, the legal framework does not exist, and leaving the baby is illegal, but in practice the baby is placed in foster care and becomes available for adoption after a few months.
Belgian hatches operate in a vacuum of law under Belgian law. Even disseminating information is considered "Promoting child abandonment" and those responsible for the existence of Baby Hatch (babyschuif) sensu stricto can still be punished under Belgian law.
Russian
Since 2011, ten baby hatching or called baby boxes have been used in Russia. In less than a year, the boxes helped save three children.
The Cradle of Hope charity fund (found in Perm is the main project organizer. Along with installing and preparing baby hatching, the organization works to prevent infanticide, and help families cope with crisis situations.
Infant hatches are installed in hospitals and run by wardship and guardianship authorities. The law treats babies found in baby boxes as tributaries, which were raised by the State when undergoing adoption law.
Senator Elena Mizulina proposed a law to ban baby boxes. In September 2016 was approved by the Russian government which stated that special places to leave newborns anonymously violated the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
United Kingdom
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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