The Dima Yakovlev Law (Russian: ?????????????? ), Dima Yakovlev Bill , Dima Yakovlev Act , anti-Magnitsky law , or Federal law of the Russian Federation no. 272-FZ 2012-12-28 "About Sanctions for Individuals that Violate Human Rights Fundamentalism and Freedom of Citizens of the Russian Federation" is a law in Russia that defines sanctions against US citizens who are engaged in "human rights violations and freedoms of Russian citizens". It created a list of citizens who were banned from entering Russia, and also allowed the government to freeze their assets and investments. This law suspends the activities of a politically active nonprofit organization that receives money from citizens or American organizations. It also prohibits Americans from adopting children from Russia. The law was signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin on 28 December 2012 and came into force on 1 January 2013. The law was named informally after a Russian orphan adopted by a family from Purcellville, Virginia, who died of a stroke hot after being left in a car park for nine hours. The law is described in response to the Magnitsky Act in the United States, which sanctioned Russian officials involved in a tax scandal exposed by Russian lawyer Sergei Magnitsky against Russian officials; Magnitsky was later found handcuffed and tortured while in jail.
Video Dima Yakovlev Law
Voting for the law in the Russian Parliament
The bill was proposed by the representative of "United Russia", Ekaterina Lakhova. The bill passes through the State Duma on December 21, 2012 and the Federation Board on December 27, 2012.
In the Duma in the first reading there are opposing (Ilya Ponomarev); in the second reading 4 against (Ilya Ponomarev, Dmitry Gudkov, Valery Zubov, Sergei Petrov - all from the "Only Russia" faction); in the third and final reading - 8 against (the same as Andrei Ozerov of "A Just Russia", Oleg Smolin and Zhores Alferov of the Russian Communist Party, Boris Reznik of "United Russia"). In the Federation of the Council only one against - Larisa Ponomareva (mother of Ilya Ponomarev).
The US State Department said in a press release that "deeply regrets the passing of Russia from a law that ends inter-state adoption between the United States and Russia". US ambassador to Russia Michael McFaul said that the law would "link the fate of orphaned children with unrelated political issues."
Maps Dima Yakovlev Law
Names
In the State Duma, the law was named informally after Dima Yakovlev (born Dmitry Yakovlev ), a Russian toddler who was adopted by Miles Harrison of Virginia. The boy changed his name to Chase Harrison while in America. In July 2008, less than three months after he arrived in America, Dima died when he was tied into his adoptive father's car. She was left alone for nine hours in the car because her father forgot to take her to the daycare center.
After the trial, Harrison was released from the unintentional murder by a Circuit Court judge in Fairfax County, Virginia, in January 2009. The case made national news in Russia, highlighting cases of abuse involving Russian children adopted by American parents. After the boy's death, Russian federal prosecutors opened an investigation into the circumstances of the incident, while the Russian authorities demanded to limit or end the adoption of Russian children by Americans.
On December 28, 2012, Governor Pskov Oblast Andrei Turchak postponed two officials awaiting an investigation for their role in the adoption of Dima Yakovlev.
Reaction
Russia's Human Rights Ombudsman Vladimir Lukin said that the law will be contested in Russian constitutional courts.
Support
The Russian Orthodox Church supports the law. Church spokesman Vsevolod Chaplin said that orphans adopted by Americans "will not get a truly Christian education and that means moving away from the Church and from the road to eternal life, in the kingdom of God." According to independent Moscow Moscow, the ban is increasingly popular among Russian public.
Criticism
Western
US Media Christian Science Monitor , Fox News , The Daily Beast , Time , and Houston local, Texas, affiliates the media criticized the move. The British newspaper The Guardian commented on the law that it was "not about children's rights" and "ruined life and made the two countries look dirty." Because the law signed on the day of many Christians marks the Massacre of Innocents, the law has been referred to by the Economist as the "law of Herod" and "cannibalistic".
Amnesty International called the law "no one's best interests" and has asked Russian lawmakers to reject the law. Director of Human Rights Watch Europe and Central Asia Hugh Williamson said that the law "can deprive them (Russian orphans) from the loving families they desperately need."
Russian
On January 14, 2013, about 20,000 people marched against the law in Moscow. Russian head Rabbi Berel Lazar said that "Russian orphans should not be political hostages".
Aftermath
From 1991 to 2010, more than 50,000 Russian orphans have been adopted in the United States; However, according to Time magazine, the adoption of Russian children in the US has fallen two-thirds from 2004 to 2009. At the time of the 2012 ban, more than a thousand prospective adoptions are under way. Among the prospective adoptions there are about 200 Russian orphans who have been told that they will be adopted. In January 2017, the European Court of Human Rights imposed fines on Russia, stating that the ban unlawfully discriminates on the basis of citizenship.
References
External links
- The law on sanctions for individuals who violate human rights and fundamental freedoms of Russian citizens has been signed//Kremlin.ru, December 28, 2012
- ???????? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ?? ???, ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ? ?????? ????????, ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??????//Kremlin.ru, December 28, 2012 (With full text of the Law and short notes) (in Russian)
- Prohibition of Russian adoption according to Putin's agenda: The logic of Dima Yakovlev's laws is inevitable but short-sighted, FIIA Comment (1) 2013, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs
- V. The "Dima Yakovlev Law"//Law of Attrition. Human Rights Watch, 2013. ISBNÃ, 978-1-62313-0060
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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